Urban Issues and Challenges Flashcards
Rio and Bristol
define urbanisation
the growth of the proportion of people living in urban areas
what are the 2 main causes of urbanisation
rural-urban migration
natural increase
define natural increase
birth rate is higher than the death rate
define rural
lack of infrastructure (countryside)
define urban
built up (town/city)
define megacity
a very large city, typically one with a population of over ten million people
what are the top 3 megacities
-Tokyo, Japan
-Delhi, India
-Shanghai, China
Where are the majority of the megacities located?
Asia and LICs
Where are the least of the megacities located?
Austrilasia
What are the 4 factors that have lead to urbanisation in megacities?
-Migration
-Location
-Economic development
-Natural increase
Where is Rio de Janeiro located?
In Brazil on the east coast. Surrounded by south Atlantic ocean. It neighbours Sao Paulo. It sits above the tropic of capricorn.
What are the 6 social opportunities in Rio?
-Education
-Urban growth
-Water
-Energy
-Healthcare
-Employment + industry
why does education create social opportunities in Rio?
-25% do not go to school
-literacy rate is low
-6 major uni
why does water create social opportunities in Rio?
-95% has access to clean water which means better sanity
why does Energy create social opportunities in Rio?
-99% has access to Hydro electric power.
why does healthcare create social opportunities in Rio?
-improved compared to Brazil
-under half of the hospitals are public
-infant mortality rates are low
why does Employment + industry create social opportunities in Rio?
-many jobs available as it is an industrial centre
Why has Rio grown economically?
-high levels of income per person
-growing population = large labour supply
-oil has been discovered offshore
-high tourist attraction
What are the 4 challenges Rio faces?
-Healthcare
-Water supply
-Education
-Energy
What does healthcare create challenges in Rio?
-half have a local clinic
-access is bad for women and elderly
-lack of money due to government
-favelas are inaccessible
What does water supply create challenges in Rio?
-finance needs improving
-12% no water
-faced drought over 80y
-90% water contains viruses
What does education create challenges in Rio?
-half continue skl at 14
-school enrolment is low
-favelas too violet
What does energy create challenges in Rio?
-majority uses Hydro electic power so not in use in droughts
-most get it illegally
-frequent blackouts
define informal economy
the jobs that are not secure and people are paid poorly. These have no unemployment benefit.