The Changing Economic World Flashcards

Question

What are some examples of HIC countries that are developed?

Answer 1

-Germany -Norway -USA -Japan -UK

Answer 2

Most people work in the tertiary sector because there is an educated workforce. There is some employment in the quaternary sector

Answer 3

it shows the structure of the people in a country in terms of age and gender

Answer 4

high birth rates, high death rates, lots of subsistence farming, really bad healthcare, happens in a pre-industrial country

Answer 5

less famine, better living standards, country starts to develop, there is a natural increase, death rate goes down total population increases, birth rate starts to decrease

Answer 6

rural-urban migration, jobs in manufacturing + service sector, women start to have less children, advancements in production and trade, industrialisation, gender equality improves, low infant mortality

Answer 7

post-industrial, working in service economy, more people in cities, high population, cost of living increases, women choose a career

Answer 8

birth rate decreases, population decreases, more elderly, aging population, death rate is low, increase in obesity, Japan and Germany is in this stage

Answer 9

-topography (shape of land) -climate -Landlocked countries -natural hazards -natural resources

Answer 10

-colonialism -systems of government -education -health care -international relations -war/conflict

Answer 11

where one nation takes control of another nation or place

Answer 12

countries that were colonised have a lower level of development when they gain independence. Some countries removed raw materials and slaves and sold back expensive manufactured goods. Colonised countries then become dependent on other countries which can lead to famine and maltrition

Answer 13

ways that ex-colonial powers still maintain control of other countries, even after they have gained independence

Answer 14

richer countries continued to control others. Some TNCs exploit the cheaper labour and raw materials of poor countries.

Answer 15

if the land in a country is steep then it won't produce a lot of food. Steep land can also make it difficult to develop infrastructure. This can limit trade and make it hard to provide basic services

Answer 16

if the population has a good education then the people are more likely to get good jobs that they will then earn an income.

Answer 17

countries with good international relations are more likely to get good trade agreements. They can also get loans form international organisations to invest in development projects

Answer 18

authoritarian governments can put development policies in place without worrying about anyone stopping them. Democratic governments is usually less extreme. Corrupt governments can hinder development by taking money instead of building new infrastructure.

Answer 19

it could lead to high death rates if the whole population is unhealthy. these people may become so ill they then cannot work which then means they won't earn an income. Therefore, the economy of the country will suffer.

Answer 20

if a country is really hot or really dry not much will grow. this reduces the amount the food being produced, which can lead to malnutrition. people have fewer crops to sell so less money to spend on goods and services.

Answer 21

-investment -industrial development -aid -debt relief -fair trade -intermediate technology -microfinance loans

Answer 22

it is about farmers getting a fair price for goods produced in LICs, allowing them to provide for their families.

Answer 23

divine chocolate bard, it is the only company which is 44% owned by cocoa farmers

Answer 24

farmers receive a regular income, protecting their quality of life

Answer 25

some customers avoid buying them as they are higher in price. This happens in HICs. This limits the number of farmers or villages that can be put on the scheme

Answer 26

it helps people focus on water, health, education and sanitation to improve standards of living

Answer 27

it is a sustainable technology that is appropriate to the needs, skills, knowledge and wealth of local people.

Answer 28

WaterAid's provision of the Afridev hand pump to help provide clean water.

Answer 29

-it increases life expectancy as fewer deaths -education has improved as children are not missing days off school

Answer 30

it is very small scale and therefore, only the local people will benefit

Answer 31

many people are getting a better quality of life and so skills, income and industrial output can increase which helps to reduce the development gap

Answer 32

when small loans are given to people in LICs who may not be able to get the loans from traditional banks.

Answer 33

The Grameen Bank: it lends $200 to village women to buy a mobile phone. Other villagers pay her to use it .

Answer 34

-lager scale impact can be unclear as it can be viewed as better than charitable aid as the poor feel they can stand on their own.

Answer 35

-works on small, local level places -the loans must be paid back eventually

Answer 36

-it breaks the poverty cycle as now more people have enough money to sell or get a job to earn more.

Answer 37

-given by NGOs -Helps smaller, local communities -lower cost -appropriate technology -e.g. building a well/Goat aid

Answer 38

-given by governments/ TNC -larger scale -higher cost -high-tech -e.g. building a HEP station

Answer 39

given by one country to another as money or resources.

Answer 40

one laptop per child is funded by google. It has helped to distribute free laptop computers to hundreds of thousands of children and teachers in South America and Africa

Answer 41

-can improve sanitation and improve health and living standards -provision of medical training, medicines and equipment can improve health and standards of living

Answer 42

-it can be wasted by corrupt governemnts. projects can fail when money runs out or is there isnt enough local knowledge, -countries can become dependent

Answer 43

-reduces health inequalities -gives better quality of life to people -can offer people better opportunities for education -doesn't necessarily tackle wealth disparities.

Answer 44

moving away from primary sector industry and into manufacturing

Answer 45

the Chinese goverment introduced policies that turned the country into 'the workshop of the world'

Answer 46

-secondary goods can be sold at a higher price and are less vulnerable to price fluctuations. value is added to the primary product, increasing profits for manufacturing companies.

Answer 47

-huge inequalities still exist in these countries -many areas will be less developed compared to the county as a whole.

Answer 48

-it leads to a multiplier effect whereby growth leads to more growth. If people have jobs, they will have more money to spend, further boosting the economy

Answer 49

TNCs produce goods all around the world. The money invested into other countries is called Foreign direct investment

Answer 50

-more than 2000 chinese companies have invested billions of dollars in Africa, mainly in energy, mining, construction and manufacturing

Answer 51

-new roads, stadiums and other projects can be built -employment opportunities and investment

Answer 52

-cheap labour can lead to exploitation of workers -can be argued that some countries are exploiting the continents resources to benefit their own economy

Answer 53

-people can get jobs in places. leading to a multiplier effect. it can trigger further investments and help other businesses

Answer 54

when some or all of a countries debt is cancelled or interest rates are lowered. THis means they have more money to develop rather than paying back the debt

Answer 55

Zambia had $4 billion of debt cancelled in 2005. In 2006 the country had enough money to start a free health care scheme for millions of people living in rural areas

Answer 56

it gives countries more money to spend on services and infrastructure rather than debt

Answer 57

-it could be seen as a reward to countries that lack financial discipline and doesn't give 'the good guys' anything -it can lead to serious problems around the world, such as through corruption

Answer 58

-it can help poor countries invest in development projects. Such as industry, resources pr infrastructure. By cancelling their debts, some countries have used the money saved to improve the quality of life for their people

Answer 59

it is one of the largest islands i the West Indies. It is located in the Caribbean Sea. it is south of Cuba and West of Hati

Answer 60

-Negril Marine Nature Park -Dunns River Falls -Cockpit Country -Blue mountains -Montego Bay

Answer 61

focusing to conserve the environment and improving the well being of local communities as people travel to natural areas

Answer 62

-it provides 200,00 jobs in hotels, transport, shops, manufaturing -provides income which boosts the economy -employment means people get better skills which improves their prospects of better paid jobs in the fuure

Answer 63

in the northern tourist areas of Montego bay and Ocho Rios, wealthy Jamaicans live in high-quality housing with a high standard of living. These areas have benefited from the tourist industry. However, large numbers of people live nearby in poor housing with limited food supply and inadequate access to fresh water, healthcare and education

Answer 64

$2 billion

Answer 65

-it has lead to a high level of investment on the north coast where much of the countries tourism is centred -new port and cruise-liner facilities have been built at Trelawnry together with new hotels accommodation -improvements in roads and airports have been slower and some parts of the island remains isolated

Answer 66

it is a country in West Africa. It boarders Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon. It has a tropical climate with variable rainy and dry seasons. It extends from the Gult of Guinea in the south to the Sahel in the north.

Answer 67

-its an NEE so experience rapid economic development -supplies 22% of the worlds oil -centre of Lagos is a thriving global economic hub -major contributor to UN peacekeeping missions around the world

Answer 68

-low levels of productivity and there are widespread issues over land but still has the highest farm output in Africa -around 35%(2020) of the population are employed in agriculture. -has over 19 million cattle, largest in Africa -despite lack of infrastructure there is huge potential.

Answer 69

-i 1960 they gained independence from the UK. -lack of political stability affected their development and lead to corruption. only since 1999 they have has a stable government -several countries have started to invest in Nigeria.

Answer 70

-multi-ethnic and multi-faith country. this social diversity is a strength of them but can cause conflict. -1967 the Igbo dominated south east tried to separate from them to become the Republic of Biafra. created a civil war which Nigeria won in 1970 -economic inequality between the north and south has created new religions and ethic tensions. Can create a reduction in investment from abroad and a rise in unemployment

Answer 71

-their music is enjoyed across the continent and beyond. -their cinema 'nolllywood' is the second largest film industry in the world -lots of writers in literature -their football team has won the african cup of nations 3 times, most recently in 2013. several football players have played for Premier League

Answer 72

-its natural environments form a series of bands across the country. This reflects the decreasing rainfall towards the north. -pests and disease affect different parts. The tsetse fly transmits a parasite that can be fatal to livestock. Therefore, cattle cannot be kept in the humid south. -deforestation resulted in losing 14% of its tropical rainforest between 2005 and 2020. Due to population growth, agricultural expansion. -oil industry has been responsible for environmental degradation.

Answer 73

from people mostly working in agriculture to most people working in services and industry.

Answer 74

-rapid advances in technology (mechanisation) -greater concern for the environment -many people English, giving potential for growth in telecommunications -increase use of telecommunications. Nigeria is able to benefit from global finance and trade -Information technology is beginning to drive the economy rather than oil -investment in science and technology training. Huge population is seen as a potential asset for the country -the main one is the discovery of oil

Answer 75

-better than selling raw materials as it adds value to the product -manufacturing industries crease more employment and jobs in the secondary sector -increased employment means that more formal jobs are available and then people can get taxed -a thriving industrial sector attracts large corporations form many other countries

Answer 76

Transnational Corporation (global company) -has operations in more than one country

Answer 77

-company provide formal employment and development of new skills -investment by companies in local infrastructure and education -other local companies benefit from increased orders -valuable export revenues are earned

Answer 78

-local workers are sometimes poorly paid (exploited) -working conditions are sometimes poor -management jobs often go to foreign employees -much of the profit goes abroad rather than being reinvested

Answer 79

-makes major contributions in taxes and exports revenue -trying to reduce pollution from flaring by capturing the natural gas and turning it into a product -supports small businesses -gives 91% of its contracts to Nigerian companies -provides direct employment for 650,000 workers -unilever promotes healthcare, education an water supply as part of its social responsibility programme -unilever tries to use environmentally friendly materials such as locally produced palm oil -they agreed to pay £55 million in compensation to people living in Bodo which went towards health clinics and improving schools -they play a leading ole in setting up health clinics to help vaccinate young children and provide medication fot HIV/AIDS

Answer 80

-pollution from factories drains into water channels causing damage -oil spills cause fires which send lots of CO2 into the atmosphere -militant groups disrupt oil supply in the delta causing violence and suffering -industrial chimneys emit poisonous gases that can cause respiratory and heart problems. -it can cause conflict as local people feel they are not benefiting from their natural resources -oil spills in the Niger Delta have damaged freshwater and marine ecosystems -tin mining has led to pollution in local water supplies which created a health hazard -traffic congestion leads to high levels of exhaust fumes -70-80% of Nigeria's forests have been destroyed -desertification has been made worse