Urban issues and challenges Flashcards
Define ‘urbanisation’
The growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas
What % of the world’s population live in urban areas?
55%
In HICs, what % of the population lives in urban areas?
80%
Is the rate of urbanisation high or low in HICs?
Low - 1% (people are more liekly to move to less crowed, rural areas)
In LICs, what % of the population lives in urban areas?
30%
Is the rate of urbanisation high or low in LICs?
High - 6%
In NEEs, what % of the population lives in urban areas?
50%
Is the rate of urbanisation high or low in NEEs?
Low - 2%
Define ‘rural-urban migration’
The movement of people from the countryside to cities
Examples of push factors [3]
- Natural disasters
- Lack of jobs (in farming etc)
- Desertification
Examples of pull factors [3]
- More jobs + better paid
- Access to better healthcare and education
- Better quality of life offered
Define ‘natural increase’
When the birth rate exceeds the death rate
How does young people moving to cities affect the population in urban areas?
Young people are more likely to have children, increasing the proportion of the population in urban areas
How does access to better healthcare affect the population in urban areas?
Increases life expectancy, preventing the decline of urban populations
Define ‘megacity’
Urban areas with more than 10 million residents
How many megacities were there in 2020?
34 (mostly located in LICs and NEEs)
How many megacities are there expected to be by 2035?
48
Why are upland areas sparsely populated?
Difficult to farm and have few natural resources
Why are people attracted to coastal areas?
Harbours and ports can be built there
Why are lowland areas more populated?
Easier to build on and the climate is milder than upland areas
How many people live in London?
9 million
How much of the UK’s population lives in London?
16%
Define ‘regeneration’
The redevelopment of an urban area to improve the physical environment and quality of life for residents
Define ‘sustainable living’
Living in a way that lets people meet their needs now, without reducing the ability of people to meet their needs in the future
Sustainable living
What can be done to conserve water? [4]
- Collecting rainwater for use on gardens
- Installing toilets that flush less water
- Installing water meters
- Encouraging people to use less water
Sustainable living
What can be done to conserve energy? [3]
- Promoting renewable energy sources
- Encouraging people to make their homes more energy efficient
- Encouraging people to reduce car use
Sustainable living
How do green spaces have social benefits? [2]
- Encourage people to exercise more - makes people healthier
- Provide a break from the noise and bustle of the city
Sustainable living
How do green spaces have environmental benefits? [2]
- Reduce air pollution
- Flooding risk reduced
Sustainable living
What can be done to reduce waste? [3]
- Kerbside collections of recyclable materials
- Building recycling centres to deal with larger items
- Websites where items are offered for free so they can be used by others
Sustainable living
What can be done to manage traffic flow? [3]
- Install bus priority lanes - making public transport more attractive
- Ring roads and pedestrianised shopping streets
- Parking restrictions
