Urban issues and challenges

Question 1

Define ‘urbanisation’

Answer 1

The growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas

Question 2

What % of the world’s population live in urban areas?

Answer 2

55%

Question 3

In HICs, what % of the population lives in urban areas?

Answer 3

80%

Question 4

Is the rate of urbanisation high or low in HICs?

Answer 4

Low - 1% (people are more liekly to move to less crowed, rural areas)

Question 5

In LICs, what % of the population lives in urban areas?

Answer 5

30%

Question 6

Is the rate of urbanisation high or low in LICs?

Answer 6

High - 6%

Question 7

In NEEs, what % of the population lives in urban areas?

Answer 7

50%

Question 8

Is the rate of urbanisation high or low in NEEs?

Answer 8

Low - 2%

Question 9

Define ‘rural-urban migration’

Answer 9

The movement of people from the countryside to cities

Question 10

Examples of push factors [3]

Answer 10

1. Natural disasters
2. Lack of jobs (in farming etc)
3. Desertification

Question 11

Examples of pull factors [3]

Answer 11

1. More jobs + better paid
2. Access to better healthcare and education
3. Better quality of life offered

Question 12

Define ‘natural increase’

Answer 12

When the birth rate exceeds the death rate

Question 13

How does young people moving to cities affect the population in urban areas?

Answer 13

Young people are more likely to have children, increasing the proportion of the population in urban areas

Question 14

How does access to better healthcare affect the population in urban areas?

Answer 14

Increases life expectancy, preventing the decline of urban populations

Question 15

Define ‘megacity’

Answer 15

Urban areas with more than 10 million residents

Question 16

How many megacities were there in 2020?

Answer 16

34 (mostly located in LICs and NEEs)

Question 17

How many megacities are there expected to be by 2035?

Answer 17

48

Question 18

Why are upland areas sparsely populated?

Answer 18

Difficult to farm and have few natural resources

Question 19

Why are people attracted to coastal areas?

Answer 19

Harbours and ports can be built there

Question 20

Why are lowland areas more populated?

Answer 20

Easier to build on and the climate is milder than upland areas

Question 21

How many people live in London?

Answer 21

9 million

Question 22

How much of the UK’s population lives in London?

Answer 22

16%

Question 23

Define ‘regeneration’

Answer 23

The redevelopment of an urban area to improve the physical environment and quality of life for residents

Question 24

Define ‘sustainable living’

Answer 24

Living in a way that lets people meet their needs now, without reducing the ability of people to meet their needs in the future

Question 25

# Sustainable living What can be done to conserve water? [4]

Answer 25

1. Collecting rainwater for use on gardens 2. Installing toilets that flush less water 3. Installing water meters 4. Encouraging people to use less water

Question 26

# Sustainable living What can be done to conserve energy? [3]

Answer 26

1. Promoting renewable energy sources 2. Encouraging people to make their homes more energy efficient 3. Encouraging people to reduce car use

Question 27

# Sustainable living How do green spaces have social benefits? [2]

Answer 27

1. Encourage people to exercise more - makes people healthier 2. Provide a break from the noise and bustle of the city

Question 28

# Sustainable living How do green spaces have environmental benefits? [2]

Answer 28

1. Reduce air pollution 2. Flooding risk reduced

Question 29

# Sustainable living What can be done to reduce waste? [3]

Answer 29

1. Kerbside collections of recyclable materials 2. Building recycling centres to deal with larger items 3. Websites where items are offered for free so they can be used by others

Question 30

# Sustainable living What can be done to manage traffic flow? [3]

Answer 30

1. Install bus priority lanes - making public transport more attractive 2. Ring roads and pedestrianised shopping streets 3. Parking restrictions