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Geography > Resource Management > Flashcards

Resource Management Flashcards

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1
Q

What can happen as a result of a lack of food?

A

Malnourishment

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2
Q

How can malnourishment affect children? [2]

A
  1. Can limit a child’s development
  2. Increase their liklihood of getting ill
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3
Q

What can happen as a result of dirty water?

A

Water-borne diseases start to kill people e.g. cholera

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4
Q

How does a lack of food, water and energy lead to a country’s development being stunted?

A

It can affect a person’s ability to attend school or work, which can prevent people from learning and using skills needed to help their country develop

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5
Q

Why is the consumption of resources high in HICs?

A

They can afford to buy the resources they need

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6
Q

Why is consumption of resources increasing in NEEs? [2]

A
  1. Industry is developing quickly, which requires a lot of energy
  2. Population and wealth are increasing rapidly
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7
Q

Why is the consumption of resources low in LICs? [2]

A
  1. Can’t afford to exploit available resources
  2. Can’t afford to import lacking resources
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8
Q

What types of food are in high demand in the UK? [3]

A
  1. High-value foods
  2. Seasonal produce
  3. Organic produce
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9
Q

Why have high-value foods become more popular in the UK?

A

People’s incomes have increased

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10
Q

Why has organic produce become more popular in the UK? [2]

A
  1. Increasing concern about the environmental impacts of food production
  2. Concern about how chemicals can affect health
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11
Q

What processes contribute to the carbon footprint of our food? [4]

A
  1. Growing
  2. Processing
  3. Packaging
  4. Transporting
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12
Q

What are people doing to try and combat our food’s carbon footprint?

A

People are buying local sources of food: farmers’ markets, farm shops and vegetable boxes

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13
Q

How has farming changed since the 1960s? [3]

A
  1. Farm sizes have increased
  2. Amount of chemicals being used has increased
  3. Number of workers reduced - greater use of machinery
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14
Q

Which parts of the UK have a water surplus?

A

North and West

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15
Q

Which parts of the UK have a water deficit?

A

south-east and midlands

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16
Q

Since 1975, the amount of water used by households in the UK has increased by how much?

A

70%

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17
Q

Why has the demand for water increased in the UK?

A

Increase in appliances that use water e.g. dishwashers and washing machines

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18
Q

How much is the UK’s population expected to be by 2040?

A

73 million

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19
Q

Why is the demand for water in the UK increasing? [2]

A
  1. Increasing population
  2. Increasing populations in areas with water deficits
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20
Q

How can the UK’s water systems be polluted? [3]

A
  1. Nitrates and phosphates from crop fertilisers washed into rivers
  2. Pollutants from vehicles washed into water sources through runoff when it rains
  3. Chemicals from factories
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21
Q

What strategies can be used to manage water quality? [2]

A
  1. Improving drainage systems
  2. Impose regulations on amount and types of fertilisers used
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22
Q

What is the main solution for the water supply/demand problem in the UK?

A

Transfer water from areas of surplus to ares of deficit

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23
Q

What are the problems with water transfer? [3]

A
  1. Dams and aquaducts required are very expensive
  2. Affects river wildlife
  3. Political issues
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24
Q

In 1970, what 2 energy sources did the UK depend on the most?

A

Coal and oil (91%)

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25
Q

By 1980, what energy source had increased in the UK?

A

Natural gas (22%)

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26
Q

What are the economic issues associated with exploiting energy sources? [4]

A
  1. Extracting fossil fuels is expensive
  2. North Sea oil is especially expensive to produce
  3. Renewable energy costs for the consumer are high
  4. UK has to pay to import energy from overseas
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27
Q

What are the environmental issues associated with exploiting energy sources? [4]

A
  1. Burning fossil fuels releases CO₂ and other greenhouse gases
  2. Accidents, such as oil spills, leak toxic chemicals into water sources
  3. Ecosystems can be damaged - tidal energy
  4. Visual pollution - wind farms
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28
Q

Define ‘energy security’

A

Having a reliable, uninterrupted and affordable supply of energy

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29
Q

What energy reserve do Iran and Saudi Arabia have?

A

Oil

30
Q

What energy reserve do China and Australia have?

A

Coal

31
Q

What energy reserves do the UK and Russia have? [2]

A
  1. Oil
  2. Gas
32
Q

Why does Sudan produce little energy? [2]

A
  1. Has little money to exploit it
  2. Political instability
33
Q

Why do wealthier countries tend to consume lots of energy? [2]

A
  1. Can afford it
  2. Lives revolve around energy-intensive devices (e.g. cars)
34
Q

Why do poorer countries tend to consume little energy? [2]

A
  1. Can’t afford much
  2. Lifestyles are less dependant on high energy consumption
35
Q

Explain how the rising population is increasing the global demand for energy [2 + figures]

A
  1. Global population is expected to increase to over 9 billion by 2040
  2. More people means that more energy is needed e.g. to heat homes
36
Q

Explain how economic development is increasing the global demand for energy [3]

A
  1. Economic development causes countries to become richer
  2. People use this wealth to buy more material possessions, which often use lots of energy (e.g. cars)
  3. Industry also expands, which uses a lot of energy
37
Q

Explain how technological advances are increasing the global demand for energy [2]

A
  1. New devices have been made which need energy (e.g. mobile phones)
  2. As these become more popular, more energy is needed to power them
38
Q

Describe some physical factors which affect energy supply [3]

A
  1. The global distribution of fossil fuels is unequal - some countries have few resources and some are inaccessible
  2. An area’s climate may prevent it from breing able to generate renewable energy (e.g. solar)
  3. The liklihood of natural disasters that can damage energy infrastructure affects the type of energy that can be used
39
Q

Describe some technological factors which affect energy supply [3]

A
  1. Make it possible to exploit new resources
  2. Make it easier to expoit existing resources
  3. Some countries do not have the technology or money
40
Q

Describe some economic factors which affect energy supply [3]

A
  1. Remaining non-renewable energy resources are becoming more expensive
  2. Some LICs have potential energy sources but too little wealth to exploit them
  3. Building new energy infrastructure (e.g. wind farms) can be very expensive
41
Q

Describe some political factors which affect energy supply [2]

A
  1. Climate change linked to burning fossil fuels has resulted in international agreements to reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
  2. Concerns over the safety of nuclear power and nuclear waste disposal have resulted in stricter regulations
42
Q

What is the cost to the environment in areas of energy insecurity?

A

As accessible reserves are used up, more environmentally sensitive areas have to be exploited

43
Q

What is the economic cost of areas with energy insecurity?

A

More environmentally sensitive areas have to be expoited, which costs more money

44
Q

What are the costs on food production in an area with energy insecurity?

A

Demands for cleaner fuels, such as biofuels, take up land that could be used to grow crops - this leads to food shortages and increased food prices

45
Q

What are the costs on industrial output in an area with energy insecurity?

A

Energy costs increase so industrial output has to be reduced or they must relocate - this threatens jobs

46
Q

Describe how solar energy works

A

Energy from the sun is used to generate electricity using photovoltaic cells

47
Q

Advantages of solar energy [2]

A
  1. Can be installed in rural villages
  2. Excess energy can be sold, making extra money
48
Q

Disadvantages of solar energy [2]

A
  1. Photovoltaic cells are expensive
  2. They depend of sunlight, so are unreliable
49
Q

Describe how hydroelectric power works

A

It is created from falling water. Water trapped by a dam is allowed to fall through tunnels. The force of the falling water turns turbines and generates electricity

50
Q

Advantage of HEP

A

Water flow and energy output can be adjusted to meet demand and limit waste

51
Q

Disadvantages of HEP [2]

A
  1. Building dams displaces habitats and people
  2. Dams and turbines are expensive
52
Q

Describe how geothermal power works

A

Water is pumped into the ground and turned into steam by the heat from the Earth’s crust. The steam turns a turbine, which generates electricity

53
Q

Advantages of geothermal power

A

Little construction is needed to harness the energy

54
Q

Disadvantages of geothermal power

A

Cannot be harnessed everywhere - only in tectonically active areas

55
Q

Describe how tidal power works

A

Changes in water level caused by tides are used to turn turbines and generate electricity

56
Q

Advantages of tidal power

A

It can be reliably predicted - tidal cycles are very regular

57
Q

Disadvantages of tidal power [2]

A
  1. Can’t generate constant energy
  2. Turbines are expensive
58
Q

Describe how wave power works

A

Changing water level of waves drives air through turbines to generate electricity

59
Q

Advantages of wave power

A

Usable during the winter, so works alongside solar power

60
Q

Disadvantages of wave power

A

Expensive to build and install turbines

61
Q

Describe how wind energy works

A

Wind turbines use wind energy to generate electricity

62
Q

Advantages of wind energy

A

Can be built on existing farmland

63
Q

Disadvantages of wind energy

A

Unreliable as wind is variable

64
Q

Describe how biomass energy works

A

Wood, plants or animal waste is burnt for power or to produce biofuels

65
Q

Advantages of biomass energy

A

Doesn’t require much technology - good option for LICs

66
Q

Disadvantages of biomass energy

A

Only renewable if managed sustainably

67
Q

How can the supply of fossil fuels be increased?

A

By searching for new reserves

68
Q

How has new technology helped to increase the supply of fossil fuels?

A

It has made it possible to extract resources that were previously too difficult or costly to access

69
Q

Why is nuclear energy a good option?

A

A large amount of energy can be generated from a small amount of fuel

70
Q

Disadvantages of nuclear energy [2]

A
  1. Power stations are expensive to build
  2. Nuclear waste must be safely stored for 1000s of years

Geography (7 decks)

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