Urban Issues Flashcards

Question

Mumbai religion

Answer 1

commercial importance 2015: 4th largest city in the world by population PORT- on the west so access to Europe and Suez Canal international airport government services' headquarters property - becoming some of the most expensive in the world

Answer 2

wealthiest city in India financial capital of India 2nd deepest port (deepwater harbour) economic hub of India - 10% of factory employment, 40% foreign trade Most Indian cities can be connected with a 2 hr flight

Answer 3

largest city in richest state diversified economy - aerospace, optical, engineering, medical research, renewable energy... informal workforce - self employed, unskilled, often unregulated

Answer 4

``` better housing better services (healthcare, education) more jobs, higher wages better living conditions with a safer environment (less chance of natural disaster) better standard of living ```

Answer 5

rapid growth, last 50 years, both population and land largest city in India, 5th largest in world port used by Europeans to import & export goods: industry, transport hub major economic source many services grow around port

Answer 6

over 3 million people commute to Mumbai each day for work growing high tech industry contributes 40% of total income to Maharashtra main Indian stock market and has the largest amount of foreign investment

Answer 7

``` employment education police presence higher income access to healthcare community spirit more people ```

Answer 8

pollution low standard of living sanitation: unhygienic

Answer 9

150km of coastline

Answer 10

those with the best qualifications are unemployed: educated, temporary, cheap workforce INFORMAL ECONOMY type of employment compromised of work done without the official knowledge of the government and therefore without any taxes

Answer 11

``` housing crime healthcare access to water access to education pollution ```

Answer 12

``` overcrowded noisy polluted many houses made of cardboard, wood, corrugated iron, etc made of 12 different settlements no maps or road signs ```

Answer 13

a sector that is unmonitored by the government. workers in the informal economy are usually those with low skills and do not declare their work to the government if workers don't declare their earnings don't pay tax. If they don't pay tax, they aren't contributing to the community/economy

Answer 14

85% of people in the slum have a job and work locally, some have even managed to become millionaires. Dharavi is a recycling zone. 23% of waste gets recycled in the UK, 80% in Mumbai. humans who sift through rubbish, children and women work under sun, appalling conditions, earn around £! per day

Answer 15

authorities producing affordable housing rich and poor catered to in poor areas, good sense of community ``` failed government plan for 11 lakh affordable homes in metropolitan region many people living on street living conditions are cramped REASONS FOR HOMELESS CHILDREN ran away (56) sent away (80) lost contact with family (3) lost family (3) kidnapped (1) abuse (18) poverty (97) ```

Answer 16

multiple wards and enough beds per hospital, some beds r mat beds and not suitable for all patients more infant deaths sanitation, access to drinking water, HIV/aids many children, less adults, not enough doctors (need special education) not all children receive education to be doctor/will live due to lack of doctor worse living conditions = more need for healthcare less than 20% have health cover

Answer 17

non government organisations (NGOs)/charities are helping to educate children: in 1 year 15 volunteers turned a national park into a makeshift school that around 250 school children benefit from many more dropouts in rural india at younger ages and in urban India at older ages. presumably because children in rural areas have to help with farm work children>adult: not enough teachers labour is a big reason why children don't get educated

Answer 18

waste water pollution air pollution traffic congestion

Answer 19

60% of Mumbai's population uses communal taps in some slums, water only runs between 30m and 2hr per day the Dharavi slum is very dirty, 95% of people live in unclean conditions Dharavi built on rubbish tip around water pipe animal waste can leak into water supply MUMBAI SLUM SANITATION PROJECT aims to improve sanitation facilities for up to a million slum dwellers in the city so far, 300+ community toilet blocks built, more than 5100 toilets separate facilities for men and women RECYCLING

Answer 20

big industries dump industrial waste into mithi river airport dumps untreated oil in river 900 million litres of sewage go straight into the river per day dumping other waste (can be toxic) waste clogs river, blocks drains=flood risk 406 ppl died in 2005 mithi river flood 2005: flood of Mithi river, Mithi river project set up to prevent another flood river channel dredged,widened, obstacles removed ^actions didn't make river cleaner so waste discharges from factories now checked more public toilets = less sewage in river education projects, people understand

Answer 21

caused by exhaust gases from vehicles, smoke from burning rubbish & factory chimneys economy grows: more electricity needed, generated by fossil fuels: high amounts of greenhouse gas emissions residents have high number of breathing problems 2020, 6th highest level of pollution in India air pollution high: old inefficient cars little regulations of emissions from factories new metro system, encourage people to use public transport banned diesel as fuel in taxis, now use compressed natural gas: better for environment upgraded roads

Answer 22

frequent congestion trains carry more people per km than any other on earth daily 7.5 million commuters most deaths caused by passengers crossing tracks, sitting on train roofs and being electrocuted by overhead cables or hanging from doors and windows encouraged railways to have flexible hours seats reserved for elderly prevent people from travelling on roof URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECT traffic policemen watch junctions thru remotely operable cameras