Urban Growth in LICs/NEEs - Mumbai, India (NEE)

Question 1

Urban growth: environmental challenges

Answer 1

waste
water pollution
air pollution
traffic congestion

Question 2

Waste and sanitation challenges

Answer 2

60% of Mumbai’s population use communal taps
in some slums, water only runs for between 30m and 2hrs a day
dirty: unclean conditions
Dharavi built of old rubbish tips around waterpipe
animal waste can leak into water supply

Question 3

waste and sanitation solutions

Answer 3

Mumbai slum sanitation project
so far over 300 community toilet blocks have been built, with more than 5100 individual toilets
separate facilities for men and women

Question 4

water pollution and flooding challenges

Answer 4

industries dump untreated waste into Mithi River which flows through Mumbai
airport uses river to dump untreated oil
900 million litres of untreated sewage go straight into the river every day
waste clogs up the river, blocks the drains and increases risk of flooding

Question 5

water pollution and flooding solutions

Answer 5

after 2005 flood of the Mithi River, the Mithi River Project was set up to prevent another flood
river channel dredged, widened and obstacles removed
water flow more easily into sea
waste discharges from factories are now checked
more public toilets to reduce sewage in river
education projects so people understand

Question 6

air pollution challenges

Answer 6

exhaust gases from vehicles, smoke from burning rubbish, factory chimneys
economy grows->more electricity needed>generated by fossil fuels->greenhouse gases emissions

high rates of breathing problems
2020: highest level of air pollution in India

Question 7

air pollution solutions:

Answer 7

new metro system: alternate transport
banned diesel: compressed natural gas better for environment
upgraded roads with flyovers: hopefully help with pollution

Question 8

traffic congestion challenges

Answer 8

frequent congestion
trains carry more passengers per km than any other railway on earth
7.5 million daily commuters
deaths caused by passengers crossing tracks, sitting on train roofs and getting electrocuted by overhead cables, or by hanging from doors and windows

Question 9

traffic congestion solutions

Answer 9

encourage businesses to have flexible hours seats reserved for elderly
prevent people from travelling on the roof
Mumbai Urban Transport Project: traffic policemen watch junctions through remotely operable cameras. they detect intensity of traffic and feed data into computers. this allows for real time adjustments of traffic. broken down vehicles or accidents can be dealt with easier.