Urban: Housing Management Strategies in Rio

Question 1

self help schemes - strategy

Answer 1

• bottom up approach
• the government is not involved apart from providing basic materials
• improvements include replacing wooden shacks with brick houses
• cheaper for the government than building new homes

Question 2

self help schemes - effectiveness

Answer 2

• almost all houses in favelas have been improved
• more houses made from brick
• more houses have access to electricity

Question 3

site and service schemes - strategy

Answer 3

• top down approach
• government is in control of the project
• brick houses built
• basic things like sanitation, roads and electricity installed
• eg Favela Bairo project which transformed many favelas in Rio

Question 4

site and service schemes - effectiveness

Answer 4

• relatively inexpensive for government
• living conditions improved
• better sanitation and disease prevention
• however residents of improved homes often have to pay rent, which many cannot afford

Question 5

projecto cingapura - strategy

Answer 5

• originally developed in Sao Paulo
• large areas of favelas cleared and tower blocks built
• provides upgraded services eg. electricity, plumbing

Question 6

projecto cingapura - effectiveness

Answer 6

• residents outraged at homes being destroyed
• cost 15x more than site and service schemes
• residents charged rent which they cannot afford
• community spirit lost

Question 7

pacification - method

Answer 7

• when the government recovers control of favelas from cartels
• send in pacifying police units
• gangs given warning
• particular push before the Rio Olympics and World Cup Final

Question 8

pacification - effectiveness

Answer 8

• murder and violent crime rates decreased
• however many innocent bystanders are killed when police engage
• many find their neighbourhoods safer now

Question 9

NGOs - strategy

Answer 9

• Non governmental organisations
• volunteers help educate favela residents and improve living conditions
• provide medical care & build schools

Question 10

NGOs - effectiveness

Answer 10

• rely on funding from from other companies
• limits to how much money they receive and how many people they can help