Urban Growth Flashcards
What type of countries has the highest rates of population growth?
Low income countries (LIC)
Example of countries population decline
Japan
Russia
Ukraine
What percent of the world live in urban areas?
More than 50%
How many people have to live there for it to be called a mega city?
over 10 million
How many mega cities are there in the world?
34
What are the top 10 mega cities?
Tokyo-Yokohama=Japan Jakarta=Indonesia Delhi=India Manila=Phillipines Seoul-Incheon=South Korea Shanghai=China Karachi=Pakistan Beijing=China New York= United States Guangzhou-Foshan=China
What is natural increase?
Difference between number of births and number of deaths
What is migration?
Movement of people into or out of the city
What is a rural area?
An area of countryside
What is rural to urban migration?
People leaving rural areas and moving to cities
What are push factors?
Things that make people want to leave
What are pull factors?
Things that attract people to the city
What are possible push factors?
Unemployment Lower wages Crop failure Poor living conditions Poor health and education services Few facilities Natural disasters Civil war
What are possible pull factors?
More jobs Higher wages Better living conditions Better education and health services Better facilities Less chance of natural disasters
Example of newly emerging economy (NEE)
India
Brazil
What opportunities does Mumbai provide?
Social- better housing and services, eg healthcare and education
Economic- more jobs and higher wages
Environmental- better living conditions with safer environment
What are challenges in Mumbai?
Social- poor housing conditions conditions and crime
Economic- Low wages and unemployment
Environmental- Polluted drinking water and lack of sanitation
What are squatter settlement?
An area of makeshift housing, often unplanned and built illegally
Characteristics of squatter settlements
Overcrowded, noisy and smelly
Houses made from cardboard, wood, corrugated iron, plastic sheeting and metal from oil drums
Lack of sanitation, clean drinking water and open sewers
Pollution and disease are common
Thousands of workshops and people employed in informal job sector
What is an informal job sector?
Cash in hands jobs where people do not pay taxes to government
How can squatter settlements be improved?
Through urban planning
