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Geography > Coastal management > Flashcards

Coastal management Flashcards

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1
Q

Examples of hard engineering

A

Sea Walls
Rock Armour
Gabions
Groynes

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2
Q

What is a sea wall?

A

Concrete walls placed at foot of cliff to prevent erosion. Curved to reflect energy back into sea.

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3
Q

Advantages of sea walls

A

Effective at protecting base of cliff

Sea walls usually have promenades so people can walk along them

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4
Q

Disadvantages of sea walls

A

Waves still powerful, break down and erode sea wall

Expensive- £2000 per metre

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5
Q

What is rock armour?

A

Large boulders placed at foot of a cliff. Break waves and absorb energy

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6
Q

Advantages of rock armour

A

Cheaper than a sea wall and easy to maintain

Can be used for fishing

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7
Q

Disadvantages of rock armour

A

Look different to local geology, rock been imported from other areas
Rocks expensive to transport

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8
Q

What are gabions?

A

Rocks held in mesh caves and placed in areas affected by erosion

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9
Q

Advantages of gabions

A

Cheap- £100 per metre

Absorbs wave energy

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10
Q

Disadvantages of gabions

A

Not very strong

Look unnatural

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11
Q

What are groynes?

A

Wooden or rock structures built out at right angles into the sea

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12
Q

Advantages of groynes

A

Builds a beach- tourism

Trap sediment being carried by longshore drift

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13
Q

Disadvantages of groynes

A

By trapping sediment, starved beaches further down coastline, increasing rate of erosion

Look unattractive

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14
Q

3 examples of soft engineering

A

Beach nourishment
Reprofiling
Dune nourishment

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15
Q

What is beach nourishment?

A

Sand pumped onto existing beach to build it up

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16
Q

Advantages of beach nourishment

A

Blends in with existing beach

Larger beaches appeal to tourists

17
Q

Disadvantages of beach nourishment

A

Needs to be constantly replaced

Sand has to be brought in from elsewhere

18
Q

What is reprofiling?

A

The sediment is redistributed from lower part of beach to upper part of beach

19
Q

Advantages of reprofiling

A

Cheap and simple

Reduces energy of waves

20
Q

Disadvantages of reprofiling

A

Only works when wave energy is low

Needs to be repeated constantly

21
Q

What is dune nourishment?

A

Marram grass planted in sand dunes stabilises the dunes and helps to trap sand to build them up

22
Q

Advantages of dune nourishment

A

Relatively cheap

Maintains natural look

23
Q

Disadvantages of dune nourishment

A

damaged by storm waves

areas zoned off from public, unpopular

24
Q

What is managed retreat?

A

Controlled flooding of low lying coastal areas. If area at high risk of erosion, managed retreat is option. Occurs where land is low value. Farm land

25
Q

Advantages of managed retreat

A

Cheap option compared to paying for sea defences
Creates salt marsh can provide habitats for wildlife and natural defence against erosion and flooding
Salt marches are diverse ecosystems supporting many species

26
Q

Disadvantages of managed retreat

A

Land is lost as reclaimed by sea

Landowners need to be compensated £5000-£10000

27
Q

Holderness coastline

A

Located on east coast of England. Fastest eroding coastline in Europe

28
Q

Reasons for management in Holder was

A

Rock type- cliff made from less-resistant boulder clay
Naturally narrow beaches- beaches give less protection to coast as it doesn’t reduce power of waves
Man-made structures- groynes have been installed to stop long shore drift. Narrows unprotected beaches elsewhere
Powerful waves/ waves at Holderness travel long distances over North sea ( long fetch) increase in energy

29
Q

Management strategies in Holderness

A

Bridlington is protected by 4.7km long sea wall
Hornsea protected by sea wall, groynes and rock armour
Coastal management at Witherswa tries to make beach wider by using grounds, also uses seawall
Mappleton protected by rock groynes
Spurn head protected with groynes and rock armour

30
Q

Conflicts in Holderness

A

Increase in erosion at Great Cowden because groynes used in Mappleton. Led to farms being destroyed by erosion and loss of 100 chalets at Golden Sands Holiday Park
Some people disagree with where sea defences are located, if it means land in their community unprotected
Some sea defences negatively impact tourism and reduce amount of money coming into area

Geography (10 decks)

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