urban futures

Question 1

what is meant by the term urbanisation?

Answer 1

an increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas

Question 2

where are the most urban areas in the world and where are the most rapid urbanisation rates?

Answer 2

the most urban areas are in AC’s

the most rapid urbanisation rates are in EDC’s and LIDC’s

Question 3

what is a megacity?

Answer 3

a city with a population of over 10 million people

Question 4

what are 2 factors that cause cities to grow into megacities?

Answer 4

• migration: people are moving to the city for a better quality of life
• natural population increase: cities have better healthcare so death rates drop

Question 5

what is a world city and what are the 2 world cities in the world?

Answer 5

a hub for international trade e.g. London and New York

Question 6

what is rural to urban migration?

Answer 6

where people are leaving rural areas and moving to cities

Question 7

what is a push factor and what are 3 examples?

Answer 7

a push factor is something that makes people want to leave rural areas e.g. unemployment, poor health care, poorer education

Question 8

what is a pull factor and what are 3 examples of it?

Answer 8

a pull factor is something that attracts people to the city e.g. more jobs, higher wages, better health care and education

Question 9

what are 2 positives and two negatives of urban areas after rural to urban migration?

Answer 9

positives:
- more money being made
- more educated people

negatives:
- pressure on places to live
- pressure on healthcare workers

Question 10

what is suburbanisation and what are 3 causes of it?

Answer 10

where people move from the centre of cities to the outskirts e.g. air pollution, congestion in city centre, cheaper land on outskirts

Question 11

what is a metacity and what is the only one in the world right now?

Answer 11

a megacity is a city with over 20 million people e.g. Tokyo

Question 12

what is urban sprawl?

Answer 12

where the cities grow onto the surrounding areas

Question 13

what is a greenbelt?

Answer 13

an area of land surrounding cities where you are not allowed to grow onto

Question 14

what is counter urbanisation?

Answer 14

people moving from the city to the countryside

Question 15

what is reurbanisation?

Answer 15

where cities are brought back to life

Question 16

what are the effects of migration on Rio?

Answer 16

• shortage of housing (1 in 4 people live in a slum)
• high crime rate as people turn to gangs in order to provide for their families
• high death rate due to the lack of healthcare and clean water

Question 17

what is one contemporary challenge in Rio and are they meeting this challenge?

Answer 17

one contemporary challenge is that there is a poor environmental quality and this is through high crime rate, poor housing, lack of infrastructure so the government spent £200 million in 60 favelas to improve environment, they did this through the self help scheme:
- residents trained by gov to improve their environment and are given tools to build and improve the area so there is more infrastructure and better housing quality
- build streetlights which means that crime rates are reduced as people can see what other are doing so they feel safer

Question 18

explain how ways of life vary in Rio

Answer 18

poor:
- live in large favelas e.g. rocinha
- high death rates due to the poor conditions and sewages which cause diseases like cholera
- high birth rates as people aren’t able to access contraception
- high crime rates as people are illiterate and therefore rely on crime for money

rich:
- live close to the CBD
- they have running water and good housing qualities
- long life expectancy and low death rates as they have a better access to healthcare
- children have a good education and therefore are able to earn a job when they get older

Question 19

assess how sustainable one initiative was to make stoke better

Answer 19

£1 house scheme
environmentally:
+ the locals take pride in their area and make sure to try and keep it clean
- there may still be high crime rates due to drug dealers in the area
socially:
+ builds a community for those who are in houses near each other
economically:
+ able to invest your money into a house a rebuild it with the loan given by the government
- you have to pay back the money and some people may not be able to do that

Question 20

how has international migration changed stoke?

Answer 20

• there are now 100 languages spoken in stoke and this shows a drastic change as stokes become more diverse and changed its character
• coop academy has children from 56 different countries, this allows children in schools to learn about different traditions and countries
• Waterloo road has lots of Indian resturants meaning people are able to learn about and try things from new cultures