dynamic development Flashcards
what is economic development?
the development in economic growth
what is social development?
the improvement in peoples living standards
what is environmental development?
the improvement of the environment
what is GDP and GNI?
gross domestic product and gross national income are the total goods a country produces per year
what is GNI per capita?
the GNI divided by the population of a country
what are 4 ways to measure development?
- literacy rate
- birth rate
- death rate
- infant mortality rate
what are two physical factors that affect how developed a country is?
- poor climate
- lots of natural hazards
what are two human factors that can affect how developed a country is?
- conflict
- debt
what is the top down strategy and what are the advantages and disadvantages?
top down= where aid is given directly to the government
- advantages= can be used for large projects, other countries would be more willing to give large amounts of money
- disadvantages= government may be corrupt, if it is a loan countries will have to pay it back
what is the bottom up strategy and what are the advantages and disadvantages?
bottom up= money is given to the local people
- advantages= project may employ local people so they make money, local people know what’s the best thing to do for them
- disadvantages= doesn’t benefit everyone, money won’t be given in large amounts
what is short term aid and what are the advantages and disadvantages?
short term aid= aid given to help with emergencies
- advantages= immediate relief is given
- disadvantages= doesn’t help long term recovery, things given are limited and will run out
what is long term aid and what are the advantages and disadvantages?
long term aid= aid given over long periods of time
- advantages= aims for sustainability, improve quality of life
- disadvantages= may make the country dependant on aid, there may be ways for the giver to benefit from this country
what are 3 millennium development goals in the DRC and how well have they been met?
- reduce poverty, this went from 71% to 63% which is good as more people have broken out of the cycle of poverty however 2/3 of the population are still in poverty
- stop the spread of diseases, HIV went from 5% to 1% which is good because it has singifantly decreased however 1% of the DRC population of 96 million is 96,000 which is a very large number still
- reduce child death rates, now 70% of children are vaccinated against measles compared to 20% which is good as more than 2/3 of children have an immunity against measles so can’t spread it however the other 30% are still able to spread it around
what are 3 reasons why the DRC is poor?
- the country is landlocked, require lots of money to get products out of the country which means they are spending more money so they can’t develop
- high birth rate, means the population is rapidly growing so there is a demand for water, food and education
- corrupt government, Mobutu allowed armed forces to enter country and take the goods which could have been used or sold in order to develop the country
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a TNC in the DRC?
the TNC is banro (based in canada)
advantages:
- provides employment for the local people so they can earn money and have a better quality of life
- the TNC will invest in infrastructure to build roads or bridges to transport goods which will develop the country
disadvantages:
- they can pull out at any time and take away all the employment with them meaning people who relied on it will lose their source of income
- most of the profits of Banro will go back to Canada so the country isn’t given much of the money made as profit
