Urban form and characteristics Flashcards
What is an example of a Pre-Industrial city?
Bath
What characteristics do pre-industrial cities employ?
Dominant CBD - industry based (people needed to be close to their workplace)
House prices were expensive as a result of the desire of people wanting to live in centre (elite located in centre
Clear socioeconomic divisions
Green belt to prevent expansion (unaffected by industrial development)
Often located to a body of water limiting expansion (Valley of river Avon)
What characteristics do modern cities employ?
Dominant CBD -still industry based (people needed to be close to their workplace)
Steady decline in land values from the centre - (lower economic groups are forced to locate at the edge of cities)
Clear socioeconomic divisions
Often located to a body of water limiting expansion (Lake Michigan)
“Loose structure” - minimal urban form
What is an example of a modern city?
Chicago
What is an example of a post-industrial city?
LA
What characteristics do post-industrial cities employ?
Developed along with technology (dissimilarly to modern and pre-industrial)
No recognisable CBD
Cars - decentralisation
Desire to live in centre less (house prices has decreased)
Internet - suburbanisation
‘Donut City’ - centre has become a “dead heart” - a place of power ethnic minorities
Divisions of lifestyle rather than economic groups (higher degree of polarisation) - experience problems that other cities don’t (graffiti, crime, congestion, gangs)
What was LA’s population in 2017?
13 million
What was LA’s population in the 1900?
100,000 people
What is LA?
A megacity
Where is LA?
Southern California
Why did LA grow?
1994 Northridge earthquake led to widespread improvements in infrastructure and building quality
LA hosted 1984 summer olympics which produced investment and redevelopment of deprived areas
Expansion of the interstate highway system helped propel suburban growth
Why is there urban tension in LA?
Race riots which took place in 1992, leading to 53 deaths
What triggered the race riots?
A videotape of police officers beating Rodney King
How much damage did the race riots cause?
$1.4 billion worth
Why are LA suffering from environmental issues?
Because there are 10 million cars on the roads
How many of LA’s population use public transport?
10%
What has the growth of LA led too?
Suburbanisation, urban smog, ‘donut city’, social segregation
Why was suburbanisation taking place in LA?
Pull factor of suburbs - ‘better quality of life’, more space, safer, quieter
Increase of car ownership
Where was urban growth reaching in LA?
San Bernadino mountains and deserts (2 hour drive from LA)
What have been the issues of Suburbanisation in LA?
Inner city has been left derelict, poor, crime-ridden
What issues has urban smog caused in LA?
Congested freeways
Air pollution
Lack of use of public transport
Health problems like asthma
What does LA’s ‘donut city’ mean?
Manufacturing industry declined causing job loss
Increased suburbanisation encouraged business to move as well as people - meant people no longer needed to commute to the CBD
More socioeconomic people left, poorer people were left in CBD
What social segregation is happening in LA?
Poorer people are left in inner city as they cannot afford to move - lead to deprivation issues like crime
What is postmodernism?
A philosophical movement that sees western world society as an outdated lifestyle that is impersonal.
