Urban Environments

Question 1

The Burgess and Hoyt model were put together….

Answer 1

To model how a ‘typical’ city is laid out

Question 2

3 limits to the Burgess model

Answer 2

1. The model is quite old and was developed before mass car ownership
2. New working and housing trends have emerged, people now live and work outside the city, something not reflected by the model
3. Every city is different - there is no ‘typical’ one

Question 3

Describe the Burgess model….

Answer 3

Round, a complete circle, surrounding the CBD

Question 4

The (urban) Hoyt model is….

Answer 4

A modification of the burgess model.

Question 5

Base of the burgess model….

Answer 5

A category system revolving around how high value land is closer to the CBD and the competition for land meaning buildings of high rise and density

Question 6

The bid rent theory….

Answer 6

Describes price and demand for real estate, and how that changes depending on distance from a city’s CBD. Also judges how retails boosts profitability.

Question 7

Difference between the Hoyt and Burgess model

Answer 7

Rather than being round, the Hoyt model describes how an area expands out of the CBD following a road or railway

Question 8

What is the LEDC model?

Answer 8

The LEDC model is similar to the other urban models however it models a ‘typical’ LEDC city

Question 9

Categories of the Hoyt and Burgess models

Answer 9

CBD, Factories/Industry, WC housing, MC housing, Commuter zone (Burgess), HC housing (Hoyt)

Question 10

Favelas

Answer 10

Category in the LEDC model - poor quality, self built housing

Question 11

Periferia

Answer 11

Category in the LEDC model - informal housing, improvement over time, more permanent

Question 12

Categories in the LEDC model

Answer 12

Favelas, Periferia, CBD, Industry, High-cost housing

Question 13

Shape of LEDC model

Answer 13

Similar to the Hoyt model

Question 14

Difference between LEDC and MEDC cities

Answer 14

In LEDCs the poorest housing is closest to the CBD, where high quality housing is for MEDCs

Question 15

A similarity between LEDC and MEDC cities

Answer 15

Both of them have a CBD

Question 16

The Hoyt model is also named

Answer 16

The sector model

Question 17

The burgess model is also named

Answer 17

The concentric zone model

Question 18

The Mann Model….

Answer 18

Combines both the Hoyt and Burgess models

Question 19

What is different about the Mann model?

Answer 19

It describes the age of the housing, as well as more in depth tiers (upper MC and lower MC)

Question 20

What is an edge city?

Answer 20

A modern suburban area that acts as a CBD. It contains malls, businesses, jobs, transport, and entertainment

Question 21

The Ullman and Harris model is also named

Answer 21

The multi nuclei theory

Question 22

What is different about the Ullman and Harris model?

Answer 22

Different shape, shows that cities are becoming less dependent on CBDs, 9 sectors each with an individual purpose

Question 23

Sectors of the Ullman and Harris model

Answer 23

CBD, Light manufacturing, LC homes, MC homes, UC homes, Heavy manufacturing, Outlying BD, Residential suburb, Industrial suburb

Question 24

Edge cities are also known as

Answer 24

A ‘suburban core’ or a ‘mini city’

Question 25

Where are edge cities located?

Answer 25

In the suburbs of a larger city. For example Croydon or Canary Wharf

Question 26

Settlement function

Answer 26

primary function ie: centre of education, centre of administration, centre of trade or commerce. Cities have more functions as they grow larger

Question 27

Function

Answer 27

What settlement is there for

Question 28

Sphere of influence

Answer 28

influence is based on cultural, economic, cultural, or political
The range comes with different factors - max someone wants to travel from one place to another, can be based on transport facilities. For specialist services you will travel further. An airport having international flights - people will travel further for that

Question 29

Settlement hierarchy

Answer 29

concept, based around the idea of the influence
System of categorising importance of a country. They look for strong businesses and strong economy. Terms used aren’t legally bound so they don’t mean a lot officially. City would have high order places - for example chain restaurants. Larger places offer more, and have more functions, larger population, extra services. Not high order would have a surgery, post office - generic locations

Question 30

Global city

Answer 30

A “Global City” is a city which has a strong node in the global economic system

Question 31

Factors that influence whether a city is global or not

Answer 31

Connectivity
Diversity
Environment
International HQs

Question 32

How are global cities ranked

Answer 32

The Global Cities index ranks 125 cities based on their human capital, business activity, information exchange, political engagement, and cultural experience. Currently London is the highest ranked city, Asia and europe dominate the top 10.

Question 33

Site factors

Answer 33

Water supply, away from floods, building materials, shelter from winds, fuel supply, natural harbour, flat land to build on

Question 34

What are site factors

Answer 34

More so the physical characteristics of a location and the naturalistic features

Question 35

Urbanisation

Answer 35

The increasing number of people that migrate from rural to urban areas. They do this because of the mechanisation in farming

Question 36

90% of the U.K.

Answer 36

Lives in urbanised areas

Question 37

Urbanisation is increasing rapidly within

Answer 37

LEDCs

Question 38

When people choose to go from an urban area to rural, this is called

Answer 38

Counter-urbanisation