Urban Environments Flashcards
What is the multiplier effect?
When an industry moves to an area which leads to more jobs, houses, transport etc…
What is urbanisation?
Greater proportion of people living in urban areas. Due to migration and urban population growing quicker than rural.
How does people migrating cause?
It causes growth of informal settlements
What is the issues with informal settlements?
Sewage pollutes water sources
More people =more transport so more congestion
Growth of population means strain on hospitals and education
Why do people move to urban areas?
People move from countryside as agriculture has failed and they need jobs
More jobs and education opportunities drive people to urban areas
Explain the burgees model:
Settlement grows around the CBD
Industry arrives
Housing is needed
Richer people move away for better housing
Explain the hoyt model:
Settlement grows around the CBD
Industry arrives and grows around transport
Housing is needed
Richer people move further out for better housing
Why does the hoyt model suit Nottingham?
Along the trainlines there are more factories/ industrial buildings
Why does the burgees model suit Nottingham?
Less developed housing closer to CBD
More developed housing in rural areas
What is economies of scale?
When a settlement grows there are more resources, more resources bought means the cheaper they are (same for transport)
What are the functions of urbane areas?
‘Hub’ for transport
Cultural centre for places of worship
Socialisation area for people to meet up
Educational area - schools, colleges
More job opportunites
Why did Liverpool 1 need redevelopment?
Lower visitor number so low economic growth
Wasn’t visitor friendly and was congested
What were Liverpool 1’s new facilities?
Mersey tram and other public transport
Better CTTV
Pedestrianised areas
What were some other improvements in the CBD of Liverpool 1?
Bus lanes
Tree planting
Wider roade junctions
Was Liverpool 1 successful?
91% of people would return
120 thousand people on the first day of opening
What are the positives to the Southhampton Nurseling industrial parks?
Easy access to transport
Main businesses are distribution and storage
What are the positives to the Southhampton Science park?
Easy access as it’s close to the M3
High quality office and laboratory space - job opportunities
Strategic and attractive location
What are the positives to the Southhampton Retail Park?
Easy access - M271
Home to big shops
What is a greenbelt site?
Usually located u large cities/ towns and are protected from development
What is a greenfield site?
Landsites which haven’t been built on before
What is a brownfield site?
Sites that have been knocked down and something knew has been built on it
Advantages of greenfield sites:
Cheap land
Planning and designing is easier
Disadvantages of greenfield sites:
Loss of farmland and recreational space
Scenery is lost
Advantages of brownfield sites:
Near areas of population
Keeps more of the countryside
Disadvantages of brownfield sites:
High air and noise pollution
More expensive buildings are knocked down
What is a stakeholder?
People with an interest of the development/ redevelopment of a site
Who are local stakeholders?
Local residents and council
Property developers
What is segregation?
People with characteristic are separated from the rest if society (e.g. ethnicity, wealth and age)
Who are international stakeholders?
Foreign governments
TNC (Transnational Corporations)
Who are national stakeholders?
National government
National transport routes
What are the reasons for segregation?
Cheaper housing for people have recently migrated
Access to public transport - lower income people
Community - place of worship and certain shops
What are issues of segregation?
Isolation of some groups (e.g. elderly)
Overcrowding due to small houses
Unfair stigmas
Lack of understanding of other communities
