Urban Change in UK City Case Study — Newcastle

Question 1

Location

Answer 1

Northeast England on River Tyne

Question 2

Importance

Answer 2

Education: Newcastle University (no.1 for computer science), Northumbria University;
Religion: Anglican and Catholic Churches;
Industry: Major retail/commercial/cultural center, oil and gas companies working on subsea applications;
Tourism: 2014 winner of favorite UK city, £1.2 billion brought in;
Culture + Entertainment: Baltic center contemporary art, £250 million invested in cultural regeneration, museums, music centers, nightclubs, hotels, theaters;
Transport: Railway, international airport;
Industrial Changes: Subsea technology development, IT and game design, medical research —> science city;
Inward Investment: Sage Group, IT £600 million to local economy —> world leaders decided to make Newcastle their UK home for global bands

Question 3

Impacts of Migration on Growth

Answer 3

13% population born outside UK;
Pay taxes which boost local economy;
Most of population aged 20-25 —> university;
More TNCs and tech companies

Question 4

Impacts of Migration on Character

Answer 4

Chinatowns, Indian restaurants, Polish communities, clothing stores;
They do the dirty, dangerous jobs;
Increased racism

Question 5

Opportunities: Social

Answer 5

Integrated transport system: promotes cycling, electric vehicles, charging points, carpooling, well connected to coast with buses;
Recreation + Entertainment: golf course outside city center, football club, rugby club, cricket club, large shopping malls in center, Life science center, Metro Radio Arena;
Cultural Mix: BALTIC center for contemporary art, Discovery museum (natural history museum), Sage Music Center (musical education)

Question 6

Opportunities: Economic

Answer 6

Employment: jobs increased by 8% between 2004 and 2013, 8th fastest growing city in UK in terms of employment, 30% rise in tech and digital from 2011 to 2015, specializes in offshore engineering and medical science

Question 7

Opportunities: Environmental

Answer 7

Urban greening: ‘green infrastructure’ = parks, street trees, 55% land is green space, 89% citizens live within 300m of green space;
Benefits: promoted exercise, reduce crime by 52%, increased privacy, absorbs traffic noise;
Town moor bigger —> 400 hectares open space

Question 8

Challenges: Social

Answer 8

Urban Deprivation: poor left behind in city when rich move out (urban-rural migration), people lose jobs after deindustrialization;
Urban sprawl: housing shortages, house prices increase, less green space;
More congestion and traffic noise

Question 9

Challenges: Economic

Answer 9

Benwell (poorer) and North Jesmond (richer);
Benwell: 31% people with no qualification, 13% unemployment —> lower quality of life + weaker spending power, older community;
North Jesmond: 10% unemployment, life expectancy 6+ years than Benwell, stronger spending power —> big brands set up nearby, bigger houses

Question 10

Challenges: Environmental

Answer 10

Old mills, shipyards, fish market gone derelict due to deindustrialization;
Air pollution: Newcastle reading is 2 units above recommended healthy level by WHO (World Health Organization);
155,000 tonnes waste per year, 112,000 of which is household