Urban Change - Case Study Flashcards
Lagos is the ____________ City in Africa.
Biggest.
Lagos is a Megacity in ____________ - an Emerging Country and the Richest in __________.
Nigeria…Africa…
Lagos’ Population is over ____ Million, ans it’s One of the Fastest-Growing _______ Areas in the World.
21…Urban…
Lagos is Located at the Outlet of a ___________ Lagos Lagoon on the Atlantic Western Coast of ___________.
Massive…Nigeria…
For Lagos, the Lagoon is Ideal for its ______, which is one of the Biggest in Africa. The City Spreads Outwards from its Origin on Lagos Island around the Lagoon and along the ________.
Port…Coast…
Lagos is well Connected by Road to the other Major _______ in Nigeria. It has an International Port and Airport, making it an Important Centre for Regional and Global ________.
Towns…Trade…
Lagos is Nigeria’s Biggest City for Population and ___________. The City Contains ___% of Nigeria’s Industry and Lots of Global Companies are Located there.
Business…80…
Lagos is the Centre of the Nigerian Film Industry ‘Nollywood’ and has a Thriving _______ Scene, giving Cultural Importance to ___________.
Music…Nigeria…
The Development of Lagos means that Land _____ and Building _____ Varies Across the City.
Use…Age…
The Oldest Parts of Lagos are on Lagos _________, which is now the ______. Many of the Old Buildings have been Redeveloped as High Rise Office Blocks and Luxury Shops. Land is Very ___________.
Island…CBD…Expensive…
By 1960, Lagos had Spread North and East Along the Main Road and Rail ______. Industries Developed Near Major ___________ Links.
Links…Transport…
Rapid ____________ in Lagos meant that by 1990, it had _________ with Smaller Surrounding Towns to Form a Continuous Urban Area.
Expansion…Merged…
In Lagos, Slums have Developed on Less Desirable Land on the Outskirts of Lagos throughout its ___________. Over Time, the City has Sprawled Outwards, Beyond Many of the ______ and they now Form a Part of the Main Urban Area of Lagos.
History…Slums…
Where is the CBD of Lagos?
Lagos Island.
Age and Function of Lagos’ CBD?
Modern High-Rise Office Buildings, Local Government Headquarters and Banks.
Examples of Inner City Areas in Lagos?
Mushin and Ikeja.
The Age and Function of the Inner Cities in Lagos?
Older, High Density, Low-Quality Houses.
An Example of a Suburb in Lagos?
Victoria Island.
The Age and Function of the Suburbs in Lagos?
Modern, High-Class Residential and Commercial - Lots of Businesses and Shops.
Areas of the Rural-Urban Fringe in Lagos?
Ojo and Lekki.
The Age and Function of the Rural-Urban Fringe in Lagos?
Sprawling, Low-Density New Housing on the Outskirts of the City.
Lagos was Under British Rule During ___________ Times and was a Centre of Trade, Attracting Traders and Merchants to the _____.
Colonial…City…
Many Ex-Slaves also Came to ________ from Brazil and the West Indies.
Lagos.
After Lagos Gained Independence, there was _______ Economic Development - the Export of _____ made some People Wealthy.
Rapid…Oil…
In Lagos, the Government ____________ Lots of Construction Projects. The Jobs Created Led to Rapid Urbanisation - Lots of People Moved to Lagos from ________ Nigeria.
Financed…Rural…
In Lagos, Birth Rates were High and Death Rates were _________, Leading to High Rates of ___________ Increase - a Rapidly Growing Population.
Lower…Natural…
Most of the Population ________ in Lagos is Due to Rural-Urban _____________.
Growth…Migration…
Countries Bordering Nigeria are Poor and Involved in __________ - Many People Leave these Countries for a Better Life in ________.
Conflict…Lagos…
There are Lots of National ___________ from the Northern States of Nigeria where there is Lots of Ethnic and Religious Conflict and High Levels of ___________.
Migrants…Poverty…
There is Some International _____________ from the UK and China. This is Mainly People who are Employed by Foreign Businesses Operating in ________.
Migration…Lagos…
The Rate of Natural Increase is Still ______ - Birth Rates are Still Higher than Death Rates though Both are Slowly __________.
High…Falling…
Lagos’ Growth has Caused Changes in ______ ____.
Land Use.
Lagos has Expanded __________. Lots of People are Forced to Move to the Rural-Urban _________ as they can’t Afford the Rising House __________ in the Inner City.
Outwards…Fringe…Prices…
Land has been Reclaimed from the __________. Land Around the CBD is in High Demand and Very Valuable, so Artificial Islands have been _______.
Lagoon…Built…
Previously Empty Areas are now Built On in ________. In Other Undesirable Locations, People have Built ___________ Huts on Stilts in the Lagoon.
Lagos…Wooden…
How has Land Use Changed in Lagos?
- Some Slums have been Upgraded and Made More Permanent.
- Some Parts of the Makoko Slum have been Cleared by the Government to Allow Development.
- Some of the Old Middle-Class Residential Areas have Become High-Class Luxury Housing.
In Lagos, Incomes are about ___ Times Higher than Those in Rural Areas and Informal Sector ______, Meaning most People can find a way of Making ________ - the Huge Population means there is a Large Market for Services.
4…Jobs…Money…
Lagos is Home to Many of the Country’s _______, Government Departments and Manufacturing _____________. There are Two Major Ports and a Fishing Industry, all of Which Provide _____________.
Banks…Industries…Employment…
There are More Health ______ Centres and Hospitals and a Better Range of Medicines in _______ and there is Better Access to Higher Education - Lagos has Six _______________.
Care…Lagos…Universities…
In Lagos, it is Possible to Access _____________ and Water Networks as well as TV and the ____________.
Electricity…Internet…
Over 60% of Lagos’ Population Live in _______.
Slums.
Wooden Huts in Lagos are Illegally _______ - People Face Eviction if Slums are Demolished to Clean Up the ______.
Built…City…
In Lagos, the Only ______________ Comes from Illegal Connections that Often Cut Out.
Electricity.
In Lagos, there are High Levels of ________.
Crime.
Lagos has some of the Worst ___________ Congestion in the World.
Traffic.
In Lagos, there has been Very Little _______________ in Transport Infrastructure, Despite the City ___________ Enormously.
Investment…Growing…
In Lagos, Public Transport is ___________.
Limited.
In Lagos, the CBD is on an __________, with only Three Bridges Linking it to the Rest of the City.
Island.
In Lagos, there aren’t Enough Schools for the _____________ and Many Families Can’t ___________ to Send their Children to School.
Population…Afford…
In Lagos, there aren’t Enough Health _____ Facilities and Many People can’t Afford to Pay for ____________.
Care…Treatment…
In Lagos, there aren’t enough Formal ______ for the Growing _____________.
Jobs…Population…
In Lagos, about 60% of the Population Work in ___________ Jobs.
Informal.
In Lagos, there’s No Protection for Informal ___________.
Workers.
In Lagos, Lots of People Live on Less Than $__.____ Per Day.
1.25.
Most of Lagos doesn’t have Access to Proper _________.
Sewers.
The Huge Population of Lagos Produces Lots of _______ - _______ Tonnes a Day.
Waste…9000…
In Lagos, only ____% of Rubbish is Officially Collected and there are Large Rubbish ________.
40…Dumps…
In Lagos, Only ___% of the City is Connected to the State Water Supply.
40.
In Lagos, the State ________ Company Supplies Less Than Half of what is Needed. People Pay Huge ________ to get Water.
Water…Prices…
In Lagos, Wealthy People can Afford Better __________.
Housing.
Lagos doesn’t have enough Electricity-Generating Capacity to Satisfy the Whole ______, so Neighbourhoods have to take it in turns to have ____________.
City…Electricity…
In Lagos, the Poor can’t Afford ______ Quality Housing - they End Up Living in Slums on Land that Regularly _________ or is Close to Polluting Factories.
High…Floods…
There are Different Development Priorities in Lagos. Corruption is Very _________ in Nigeria. The Government can Introduce ______ but the Wealthy know they can Ignore Them and Bribe the Police.
Common…Laws…
What does Sustainability mean?
Improving Things for People Today without Negatively Affecting Future Generations.
In Lagos, the Government has Begun Work on a US $__.__ Billion Plan which Includes New Water Treatment Plants and Distribution ___________.
2.5…Networks…
The Lagos Waste Management Authority (_________) is Working to Improve Rubbish Collection so Collection _____ can get to Each Area.
LAWMA…Vans…
In Lagos, Two Light Rail Lines are Under _____________ to Relieve Road Congestion. They Connect to the CBD and Airport, and are ____________ Free.
Construction…Emission…
Small Electricity Generators are a _____ Source of Air Pollution. The Government have Banned the _________ of Small Generators.
Big…Import…
CHEIF is an NGO that Aims to Develop Sustainable Health ______ in Deprived Areas of Lagos by Opening _____________ Health Centres.
Care…Community…
SEAP is a Nigerian ______ that Promotes Sustainable Livelihoods for the Poorest People in __________.
NGO…Society…
The Oando Foundation is a Charity that is Aiming to Create a Sustainable ____________ System in Nigeria by Improving School _____________ and the Quality of Education on Offer.
Education…Attendance…
What are the Advantages of a Top-Down Approach in Lagos?
- Can Achieve Large Improvements that Affect the Whole City.
- Can Carry out Higher-Cost Projects that Communities or NGOs would Struggle to Fund.
- Can Address Economic, Social and Environmental Sustainability.
What are the Disadvantages of a Top-Down Approach in Lagos?
- Often Very Expensive.
- Top-Down Approach don’t Always have the Support of Communities, who may Decide to Ignore or Undermine the Strategy.
- May not Help those Most in Need.
What are the Advantages of a Bottom-Up Approach in Lagos?
- Planned with the Local Community.
- Often Funded by Donations.
What are the Disadvantages of a Bottom-Up Approach in Lagos?
- Smaller Scale so Projects Reach Fewer People.
- Funds may be Limited.
- Can Lack Coordination.
