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Geography Paper 1: Component 1 Topic 3 - Challenges Of An Urbanising World > Urban Change - Case Study > Flashcards

Urban Change - Case Study Flashcards

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1
Q

Lagos is the ____________ City in Africa.

A

Biggest.

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2
Q

Lagos is a Megacity in ____________ - an Emerging Country and the Richest in __________.

A

Nigeria…Africa…

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3
Q

Lagos’ Population is over ____ Million, ans it’s One of the Fastest-Growing _______ Areas in the World.

A

21…Urban…

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4
Q

Lagos is Located at the Outlet of a ___________ Lagos Lagoon on the Atlantic Western Coast of ___________.

A

Massive…Nigeria…

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5
Q

For Lagos, the Lagoon is Ideal for its ______, which is one of the Biggest in Africa. The City Spreads Outwards from its Origin on Lagos Island around the Lagoon and along the ________.

A

Port…Coast…

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6
Q

Lagos is well Connected by Road to the other Major _______ in Nigeria. It has an International Port and Airport, making it an Important Centre for Regional and Global ________.

A

Towns…Trade…

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7
Q

Lagos is Nigeria’s Biggest City for Population and ___________. The City Contains ___% of Nigeria’s Industry and Lots of Global Companies are Located there.

A

Business…80…

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8
Q

Lagos is the Centre of the Nigerian Film Industry ‘Nollywood’ and has a Thriving _______ Scene, giving Cultural Importance to ___________.

A

Music…Nigeria…

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9
Q

The Development of Lagos means that Land _____ and Building _____ Varies Across the City.

A

Use…Age…

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10
Q

The Oldest Parts of Lagos are on Lagos _________, which is now the ______. Many of the Old Buildings have been Redeveloped as High Rise Office Blocks and Luxury Shops. Land is Very ___________.

A

Island…CBD…Expensive…

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11
Q

By 1960, Lagos had Spread North and East Along the Main Road and Rail ______. Industries Developed Near Major ___________ Links.

A

Links…Transport…

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12
Q

Rapid ____________ in Lagos meant that by 1990, it had _________ with Smaller Surrounding Towns to Form a Continuous Urban Area.

A

Expansion…Merged…

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13
Q

In Lagos, Slums have Developed on Less Desirable Land on the Outskirts of Lagos throughout its ___________. Over Time, the City has Sprawled Outwards, Beyond Many of the ______ and they now Form a Part of the Main Urban Area of Lagos.

A

History…Slums…

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14
Q

Where is the CBD of Lagos?

A

Lagos Island.

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15
Q

Age and Function of Lagos’ CBD?

A

Modern High-Rise Office Buildings, Local Government Headquarters and Banks.

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16
Q

Examples of Inner City Areas in Lagos?

A

Mushin and Ikeja.

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17
Q

The Age and Function of the Inner Cities in Lagos?

A

Older, High Density, Low-Quality Houses.

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18
Q

An Example of a Suburb in Lagos?

A

Victoria Island.

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19
Q

The Age and Function of the Suburbs in Lagos?

A

Modern, High-Class Residential and Commercial - Lots of Businesses and Shops.

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20
Q

Areas of the Rural-Urban Fringe in Lagos?

A

Ojo and Lekki.

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21
Q

The Age and Function of the Rural-Urban Fringe in Lagos?

A

Sprawling, Low-Density New Housing on the Outskirts of the City.

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22
Q

Lagos was Under British Rule During ___________ Times and was a Centre of Trade, Attracting Traders and Merchants to the _____.

A

Colonial…City…

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23
Q

Many Ex-Slaves also Came to ________ from Brazil and the West Indies.

A

Lagos.

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24
Q

After Lagos Gained Independence, there was _______ Economic Development - the Export of _____ made some People Wealthy.

A

Rapid…Oil…

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25
Q

In Lagos, the Government ____________ Lots of Construction Projects. The Jobs Created Led to Rapid Urbanisation - Lots of People Moved to Lagos from ________ Nigeria.

A

Financed…Rural…

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26
Q

In Lagos, Birth Rates were High and Death Rates were _________, Leading to High Rates of ___________ Increase - a Rapidly Growing Population.

A

Lower…Natural…

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27
Q

Most of the Population ________ in Lagos is Due to Rural-Urban _____________.

A

Growth…Migration…

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28
Q

Countries Bordering Nigeria are Poor and Involved in __________ - Many People Leave these Countries for a Better Life in ________.

A

Conflict…Lagos…

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29
Q

There are Lots of National ___________ from the Northern States of Nigeria where there is Lots of Ethnic and Religious Conflict and High Levels of ___________.

A

Migrants…Poverty…

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30
Q

There is Some International _____________ from the UK and China. This is Mainly People who are Employed by Foreign Businesses Operating in ________.

A

Migration…Lagos…

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31
Q

The Rate of Natural Increase is Still ______ - Birth Rates are Still Higher than Death Rates though Both are Slowly __________.

A

High…Falling…

32
Q

Lagos’ Growth has Caused Changes in ______ ____.

A

Land Use.

33
Q

Lagos has Expanded __________. Lots of People are Forced to Move to the Rural-Urban _________ as they can’t Afford the Rising House __________ in the Inner City.

A

Outwards…Fringe…Prices…

34
Q

Land has been Reclaimed from the __________. Land Around the CBD is in High Demand and Very Valuable, so Artificial Islands have been _______.

A

Lagoon…Built…

35
Q

Previously Empty Areas are now Built On in ________. In Other Undesirable Locations, People have Built ___________ Huts on Stilts in the Lagoon.

A

Lagos…Wooden…

36
Q

How has Land Use Changed in Lagos?

A
  • Some Slums have been Upgraded and Made More Permanent.
  • Some Parts of the Makoko Slum have been Cleared by the Government to Allow Development.
  • Some of the Old Middle-Class Residential Areas have Become High-Class Luxury Housing.
37
Q

In Lagos, Incomes are about ___ Times Higher than Those in Rural Areas and Informal Sector ______, Meaning most People can find a way of Making ________ - the Huge Population means there is a Large Market for Services.

A

4…Jobs…Money…

38
Q

Lagos is Home to Many of the Country’s _______, Government Departments and Manufacturing _____________. There are Two Major Ports and a Fishing Industry, all of Which Provide _____________.

A

Banks…Industries…Employment…

39
Q

There are More Health ______ Centres and Hospitals and a Better Range of Medicines in _______ and there is Better Access to Higher Education - Lagos has Six _______________.

A

Care…Lagos…Universities…

40
Q

In Lagos, it is Possible to Access _____________ and Water Networks as well as TV and the ____________.

A

Electricity…Internet…

41
Q

Over 60% of Lagos’ Population Live in _______.

A

Slums.

42
Q

Wooden Huts in Lagos are Illegally _______ - People Face Eviction if Slums are Demolished to Clean Up the ______.

A

Built…City…

43
Q

In Lagos, the Only ______________ Comes from Illegal Connections that Often Cut Out.

A

Electricity.

44
Q

In Lagos, there are High Levels of ________.

A

Crime.

45
Q

Lagos has some of the Worst ___________ Congestion in the World.

A

Traffic.

46
Q

In Lagos, there has been Very Little _______________ in Transport Infrastructure, Despite the City ___________ Enormously.

A

Investment…Growing…

47
Q

In Lagos, Public Transport is ___________.

A

Limited.

48
Q

In Lagos, the CBD is on an __________, with only Three Bridges Linking it to the Rest of the City.

A

Island.

49
Q

In Lagos, there aren’t Enough Schools for the _____________ and Many Families Can’t ___________ to Send their Children to School.

A

Population…Afford…

50
Q

In Lagos, there aren’t Enough Health _____ Facilities and Many People can’t Afford to Pay for ____________.

A

Care…Treatment…

51
Q

In Lagos, there aren’t enough Formal ______ for the Growing _____________.

A

Jobs…Population…

52
Q

In Lagos, about 60% of the Population Work in ___________ Jobs.

A

Informal.

53
Q

In Lagos, there’s No Protection for Informal ___________.

A

Workers.

54
Q

In Lagos, Lots of People Live on Less Than $__.____ Per Day.

A

1.25.

55
Q

Most of Lagos doesn’t have Access to Proper _________.

A

Sewers.

56
Q

The Huge Population of Lagos Produces Lots of _______ - _______ Tonnes a Day.

A

Waste…9000…

57
Q

In Lagos, only ____% of Rubbish is Officially Collected and there are Large Rubbish ________.

A

40…Dumps…

58
Q

In Lagos, Only ___% of the City is Connected to the State Water Supply.

A

40.

59
Q

In Lagos, the State ________ Company Supplies Less Than Half of what is Needed. People Pay Huge ________ to get Water.

A

Water…Prices…

60
Q

In Lagos, Wealthy People can Afford Better __________.

A

Housing.

61
Q

Lagos doesn’t have enough Electricity-Generating Capacity to Satisfy the Whole ______, so Neighbourhoods have to take it in turns to have ____________.

A

City…Electricity…

62
Q

In Lagos, the Poor can’t Afford ______ Quality Housing - they End Up Living in Slums on Land that Regularly _________ or is Close to Polluting Factories.

A

High…Floods…

63
Q

There are Different Development Priorities in Lagos. Corruption is Very _________ in Nigeria. The Government can Introduce ______ but the Wealthy know they can Ignore Them and Bribe the Police.

A

Common…Laws…

64
Q

What does Sustainability mean?

A

Improving Things for People Today without Negatively Affecting Future Generations.

65
Q

In Lagos, the Government has Begun Work on a US $__.__ Billion Plan which Includes New Water Treatment Plants and Distribution ___________.

A

2.5…Networks…

66
Q

The Lagos Waste Management Authority (_________) is Working to Improve Rubbish Collection so Collection _____ can get to Each Area.

A

LAWMA…Vans…

67
Q

In Lagos, Two Light Rail Lines are Under _____________ to Relieve Road Congestion. They Connect to the CBD and Airport, and are ____________ Free.

A

Construction…Emission…

68
Q

Small Electricity Generators are a _____ Source of Air Pollution. The Government have Banned the _________ of Small Generators.

A

Big…Import…

69
Q

CHEIF is an NGO that Aims to Develop Sustainable Health ______ in Deprived Areas of Lagos by Opening _____________ Health Centres.

A

Care…Community…

70
Q

SEAP is a Nigerian ______ that Promotes Sustainable Livelihoods for the Poorest People in __________.

A

NGO…Society…

71
Q

The Oando Foundation is a Charity that is Aiming to Create a Sustainable ____________ System in Nigeria by Improving School _____________ and the Quality of Education on Offer.

A

Education…Attendance…

72
Q

What are the Advantages of a Top-Down Approach in Lagos?

A
  • Can Achieve Large Improvements that Affect the Whole City.
  • Can Carry out Higher-Cost Projects that Communities or NGOs would Struggle to Fund.
  • Can Address Economic, Social and Environmental Sustainability.
73
Q

What are the Disadvantages of a Top-Down Approach in Lagos?

A
  • Often Very Expensive.
  • Top-Down Approach don’t Always have the Support of Communities, who may Decide to Ignore or Undermine the Strategy.
  • May not Help those Most in Need.
74
Q

What are the Advantages of a Bottom-Up Approach in Lagos?

A
  • Planned with the Local Community.

- Often Funded by Donations.

75
Q

What are the Disadvantages of a Bottom-Up Approach in Lagos?

A
  • Smaller Scale so Projects Reach Fewer People.
  • Funds may be Limited.
  • Can Lack Coordination.

Geography Paper 1: Component 1 Topic 3 - Challenges Of An Urbanising World (6 decks)

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