Urban Flashcards
What is a mega city and where are they found?
A city with 10 million or more
Near the coast
What is urbanisation?
Urbanisation is the increase in the percentage of a country’s population which lives in towns and cities
Why is there a natural population increase in urban areas?
Young adults migrate to cities
This leads to higher birth rates in cities
Developing city’s have lower death rates then rural areas
What is core and periphery ?
Core-most prosperous, developed part of a country, with capital and industry’s
Periphery-less developed, less jobs and poorly paid
What is positive economic multiplier?
Urban area grows New jobs More employed Wages spent locally Tax received increases Government reinvests City develops and attracts new business
What is positive socioeconomic multiplier ?
earn money Afford better housing, sanitation and electric Better lifestyle Better education Children go to school Better chance of employment
What are some of the push and pull factors of the golden triangle ?
Push - life expectancy 48
39% adult literacy
23% have clean water
Pull - life expectancy 63
72% adult literacy
64% have clean water
What are some of the problems of urbanisation in rio de Janeiro
Homeless 1/2 million Flavelas 1 million people Demand on infrastructure Flavelas ran by drug gangs Hemmed In by mountains so can not expand traffic is concentrated, leads to congestion Pollution due to traffic
How did they improve rio
Site & service - provide land and amenities, given rights to the land, build there own properties ( NGO )
Water aid - sanitation blocks in poorest flavelas ( NGO )
National crime investment - 850 million to improve shanty towns, reduce organised crime
How does urban growth lead to environmental hazards?
Emissions - smog & photochemical smog Need for power stations increasing air pollution Fire & coal in slums, air pollution Water polluted by industry & human waste Less green space
Problems in castle vale
Tower blocks over run with crime Unemployment Low exam results High levels of crime Poor health Vacant shops
How was castle vale improved?
Tower blocks demolished New homes Health centre Walking bus Adult education New sainsbury employed locals New shopping centre
Causes of traffic increase ?
Accidents Road works Parking issues Weather Not enough road space Public transport costs too much
Effects of traffic
Increase petrol tax Late for work which looses money Air pollution & global warming Noise pollution Move away from high traffic areas Pay for parking in city's
How is traffic overcome
Increase tax on petrol Improved public transport Computerised traffic lights Bus lanes Buses run on gas and electric Walking buses One-way system Cycle lanes clearly marked
