Uptown Funk

Question 1

A complex network of macromolecules in the extracellular space is known as..

Answer 1

the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Question 2

A complex network of macromolecules in the extracellular space is known as..

Answer 2

the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Question 3

The ECM is secreted by..

Answer 3

the cells which inhabit it.

Question 4

The ECM..

A) Volume
B) Function

Answer 4

A) Substantial part of tissue volume

B) Gives structural and organizational support to tissues

Question 5

This protein makes up 30% of the total body proteins..

Answer 5

Collagen.

Question 6

90% of Collagen protein in the body is Type..

Answer 6

Type I.

Question 7

Collagen has this type of structure.. which is stabilized by..

Answer 7

Triple-helical structure.. crosslinks.

Characteristic repeating sequence: Gly-X-Y

Question 8

Two types of collagen are..

Answer 8

Fibrillar (Type I) and nonfibrillar collagens (Type IV).

Note: different types and combos of collagen molecules predominate in different tissues.

Question 9

The synthesis of collagen is dependent upon..

Answer 9

physiologic conditions such as diet or mechanical stress.

Note: collagen is frequently remodeled.

Question 10

This condition results from a genetic mutation that causes the glycine in Type I collagen to be replaced by another amino acid..

Answer 10

Osteogenesis/dentogenesis imperfecta.

Question 11

Osteognesis/dentinogenesis imperfecta result in a mutated Type I collagen, involving this amino acid..

Answer 11

glycine.

Question 12

Elastin functions to..

Answer 12

provide flexibility and resilience to the ECM.

Note: found in tissues that require elasticity (skin, lungs, intestines).

Question 13

This is the predominent ECM molecule in blood vessels..

Answer 13

Elastin.

Question 14

Elastin is stabilized by..

Answer 14

two-way crosslinks.

Note: lysyl oxidase important enzyme in elastin crosslinking

Question 15

This ECM molecule is not synthesized after adolescence..

Answer 15

Elastin.

Question 16

This molecule facilitates communication between intracellular and extracellular compartments..

Answer 16

Fibronectin.

Question 17

Fibronectin Binds..

Answer 17

to other ECM molecules and to other integrin molecules on cells.

Question 18

Fibronectin is important for..

Answer 18

cell adhesion, growth, migration, and wound healing.

Note: loss of fibronectin from surface of tumor cells, may play a role in metastasis

Question 19

This molecule is found primarily in the basal lamina..

Answer 19

Laminin.

Question 20

Laminin functions to..

Answer 20

give structural support to the ECM.

Question 21

This molecule acts as a major component of basement membranes in epithelial and muscle tissues..

Answer 21

Laminin.

Question 22

Laminin beings to cells through this family of proteins..

Answer 22

integrins.

Question 23

Diseases associated with abnormal laminin..

Answer 23

muscular dystrophies, epidermolysis bullosa (lethal skin blistering), defects of kidney filter.

Question 24

These are the gel-formers of the ECM..

Answer 24

Proteoglycans.

Question 25

The many negative charges of proteoglycans attract.. resultiing in..

Answer 25

attract cations and water, resulting in the hydration of the ECM (provides rigidity and durability).

Question 26

Proteoglycans make up this percentage of the ECM..

Question 27

Because of the hydrophilicity of proteoglycans, these fill up most of the extracellular space..

Answer 27

GAG chains.

Question 28

Proteoglycans have several functions, including..

Answer 28

binding of growth factors, regulation of enzymatic activity, and acting as co-receptors.

Question 29

Lysosomal storage diseases..

Answer 29

leads to the build of macromolecules within the lysome, which eventually leads to cell death. Note: caused by genetic defect in gene coding for lysosomal activity. Not in notes.

Question 30

ECM regulates 3 cellular processes..

Answer 30

proliferation, differentiation, migration.

Question 31

Four main families of molecules comprise the ECM..

Answer 31

Collagens, Elastins, Glycoproteins, and Proteoglycans.

Question 32

Goodpasture's Syndrome is..

Answer 32

an autoimmune disease associated with anomalies in Type IV collagen.

Question 33

Alport Syndrome is associated with..

Answer 33

defective Type IV collagen chains.

Question 34

This cofactor is needed for the synthesis of collagen..

Answer 34

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid).

Question 35

Two glycoproteins are..

Answer 35

fibronectin and laminin.

Question 36

The ECM is secreted by..

Answer 36

the cells which inhabit it.

Question 37

The ECM.. A) Volume B) Function

Answer 37

A) Substantial part of tissue volume | B) Gives structural and organizational support to tissues

Question 38

This protein makes up 30% of the total body proteins..

Answer 38

Collagen.

Question 39

90% of Collagen protein in the body is Type..

Answer 39

Type I.

Question 40

Collagen has this type of structure.. which is stabilized by..

Answer 40

Triple-helical structure.. crosslinks. Characteristic repeating sequence: Gly-X-Y

Question 41

Two types of collagen are..

Answer 41

Fibrillar (Type I) and nonfibrillar collagens (Type IV). Note: different types and combos of collagen molecules predominate in different tissues.

Question 42

The synthesis of collagen is dependent upon..

Answer 42

physiologic conditions such as diet or mechanical stress. Note: collagen is frequently remodeled.

Question 43

This condition results from a genetic mutation that causes the glycine in Type I collagen to be replaced by another amino acid..

Answer 43

Osteogenesis/dentogenesis imperfecta.

Question 44

Osteognesis/dentinogenesis imperfecta result in a mutated Type I collagen, involving this amino acid..

Answer 44

glycine.

Question 45

Elastin functions to..

Answer 45

provide flexibility and resilience to the ECM. Note: found in tissues that require elasticity (skin, lungs, intestines).

Question 46

This is the predominent ECM molecule in blood vessels..

Answer 46

Elastin.

Question 47

Elastin is stabilized by..

Answer 47

two-way crosslinks. Note: lysyl oxidase important enzyme in elastin crosslinking

Question 48

This ECM molecule is not synthesized after adolescence..

Answer 48

Elastin.

Question 49

This molecule facilitates communication between intracellular and extracellular compartments..

Answer 49

Fibronectin.

Question 50

Fibronectin Binds..

Answer 50

to other ECM molecules and to other integrin molecules on cells.

Question 51

Fibronectin is important for..

Answer 51

cell adhesion, growth, migration, and wound healing. Note: loss of fibronectin from surface of tumor cells, may play a role in metastasis

Question 52

This molecule is found primarily in the basal lamina..

Answer 52

Laminin.

Question 53

Laminin functions to..

Answer 53

give structural support to the ECM.

Question 54

This molecule acts as a major component of basement membranes in epithelial and muscle tissues..

Answer 54

Laminin.

Question 55

Laminin beings to cells through this family of proteins..

Answer 55

integrins.

Question 56

Diseases associated with abnormal laminin..

Answer 56

muscular dystrophies, epidermolysis bullosa (lethal skin blistering), defects of kidney filter.

Question 57

These are the gel-formers of the ECM..

Answer 57

Proteoglycans.

Question 58

The many negative charges of proteoglycans attract.. resultiing in..

Answer 58

attract cations and water, resulting in the hydration of the ECM (provides rigidity and durability).

Question 59

Proteoglycans make up this percentage of the ECM..

Answer 59

Less than ten percent.

Question 60

Because of the hydrophilicity of proteoglycans, these fill up most of the extracellular space..

Answer 60

GAG chains.

Question 61

Proteoglycans have several functions, including..

Answer 61

binding of growth factors, regulation of enzymatic activity, and acting as co-receptors.

Question 62

Lysosomal storage diseases..

Answer 62

leads to the build of macromolecules within the lysome, which eventually leads to cell death. Note: caused by genetic defect in gene coding for lysosomal activity. Not in notes.

Question 63

ECM regulates 3 cellular processes..

Answer 63

proliferation, differentiation, migration.

Question 64

Four main families of molecules comprise the ECM..

Answer 64

Collagens, Elastins, Glycoproteins, and Proteoglycans.

Question 65

Goodpasture's Syndrome is..

Answer 65

an autoimmune disease associated with anomalies in Type IV collagen.

Question 66

Alport Syndrome is associated with..

Answer 66

defective Type IV collagen chains.

Question 67

This cofactor is needed for the synthesis of collagen..

Answer 67

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid).

Question 68

Two glycoproteins are..

Answer 68

fibronectin and laminin.