Uprising's against the Weimar Republic Flashcards
When did the Sparticists form a political party, what sparked revolt?
1st January 1919 - KPD
- Wanted to stop the National Assembly
What was the underlying tension of the leaders of the KPD?
Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht
- Denied being allowed to speak at the first congress of workers and soviets in Berlin, December 1918
When did the Sparticist revolt begin and what did they manage to achieve?
5th January 1919
- Take over of some newspaper offices
How was the Sparticist revolt put down?
- Reichswehr intervened
- Freikorps led by Walther Von Lüttwitz
- Liebknecht and Luxembourg murdered by the horse guard division
What were results and features of the Jan 1919 election?
- 6th Feb met at Weimar due to high tension in Berlin
- SPD 165 seats
- Centre Party 95 seats
- Coalition of SPD, Centre Party, DDP
What was the Bavarian uprising in 1919?
- 7th April the USPD declare a soviet republic
- After demise of Kurt Eisner
- SPD left Munich due to high tensions
- 9th April a communist republic declared in Munich
How was the Bavarian uprising put down?
May 1919
- Put down by Freikorps
- ‘The White Terror’
What was the ‘Red Army of the Ruhr’
- 1920, army of 50,000 - 80,000 left wing workers
- In response to the Kapp Putsch
- Put down by Freikorps and Reichswehr
When did armed miners in Mansfield go on strike and how was this dealt with?
March 1921
- Police put this down
What laws allowed for uprisings from the right to be treated with such leniency?
Article 129 - No reform of the civil service
Article 54 - Judiciary
Stats that show the leniency towards the right?
1919-22
- 354 murders on the right, 326 unpunished, 0 sentenced to death
- 22 murders on the left, 10 put to death, 17 on severe punishment
What triggered the Kapp Putsch?
- Affirmation of the Treaty of Versailles
- 2 brigades of the Reichswehr were called to be disbanded
When did the Kapp Putsch start, who led it and what did they do?
March 1920
- Led by Wolfgang Kapp and General Lüttwitz, backed up by Eric Luderndorff
- 12,000 troops marched on Berlin
- Government fled to Stuttgart
Why did the army refuse to put down the Kapp Putsch?
General Von Seekt
“Troops do not fire on troops”
- Did not value the Ebert-Groner pact
Why did the Kapp Putsch fail?
- Trade Unions called a general strike, Putsch fails after 4 days
- The people wanted an SPD Government
What was the aftermath of the Kapp Putsch?
- 705 put on trial, 1 found guilty
- Kapp died awaiting trial
- General Von Seekt given promotion to Chief of Army Police to put down the left
What initiated the Munich Putsch?
8th November 1923
- Hitler storms a Beer Cellar and makes a speech
- Puts pressure on Otto Von Lossow and Gustav Von Kahr for support
- 2,000 right wing supporters were present
- Luderndorff encourages Hitler
What were the conflicting views of the leaders of the Munich Putsch?
- Von Lossow and Von Kahr wanted an independent Bavaria
- Hitler wanted a greater Germany
What are the storm troopers doing during the Beer Hall talks?
- Seizing members of Bavarian Government
- Terrorising opponents
- Failed to gain control of the army barracks
When does the Munich Putsch get into full effect?
9th November 1923
- Ebert declares a state of emergency
- Von Seekt orders Lossow to crush the revolt
- Lossow and Kahr denounce the Putsch
- Ludendorff convinces Hitler to carry on
What encounter do the Nazi’s have with the police during the Munich Putsch?
- At noon 2,000 armed Nazis march into a military base in Munich
- Shots are fired between Bavarian Soldiers and armed police
- 14 Nazi’s killed
What is the aftermath of the Munich Putsch?
11th November
- Hitler arrested
- Seeckt bans the Nazi’s
Feb 1924
- Hitlers gains popularity at his trial and gains support
- He gets minimum sentence of 5 years in Landberg prison
What does Hitler do whilst in Prison and when is he released
- He dictates Mein Kampf
- He is released in just 9 months
- 24th December 1924 Hitlers is released as the Nazis nearly disintegrate
What was Kurt Eisners Bavarian Uprising?
- 8th November 1918
- He had formed a council of workers, soldier and peasants which deposed Wittelsbachs
- Proclaimed the Bavarian Democratic and Socialist Republic
When did Soldiers kill Sparticists?
6th December 1918
- Sparticist demonstrates shot
