Propaganda in the Third Reich Flashcards
What was the purpose of propaganda in the Third Reich?
- Glorify the regime
- Spread Nazi Values
- Censorship
- Win over the people
Weltanschatung - World View
Gleischshaltung - Co-ordination
Was Film innovative in Nazi Germany?
- Remained innovative like Weimar Republic
- Triumph of the will - Leni Rietenstahl and Olympia were innovative
- Jews removed as actors and directors
What was the purpose of Film?
- Used for entertainment and keep people happy
- Pure escapism = The adventures of Baron Von Münchelhausan
- 1933-45 1,097 feature films provided
- Only 96 were requests of propaganda ministry
What were different types of films produced?
Pure Escapism = The adventures of Baron Von münchelhausen
Overt Propaganda = The Triumph of the Will and The Eternal Jew
How did Nazi’s slowly take over the film industry?
- RMVP slowly bought up shares of the film industry
- 1942 all companies were nationalised
What were similarities to the Weimar Republic with Film?
- Innovation showed continuity with Weimar
- Lack of Propaganda and lots of entertainment used
What were differences to the Weimar Republic with Film?
- Centralised control oer pure escapism films
- Weimar usually imported from America
- Some Overt Propaganda that Weimar did not have
How was Music affected by Nazi Germany?
- Jewish composers like Mahler were banned
- Jazz banned ‘negroid music’ and modern music banned
- Wagner was loved as he talked about Germanys mythical past and anti-semitic
- Censorship of Jewish and Modern Music
Where were Art Exhibitions held?
- 1937 two parallel exhibitions held in Munich
- Hitler thought this was the ‘city of art’
- One represented ‘Great German Art’ and ‘Degenerate Art’
What was the Exhibition of Great German Art?
- Held in newly built museum
- An opportunity for artists to display work and for people to see ‘true’ German art work
- 16,000 were submitted, only 6,000 chosen
What was the Exhibition of Great German Art used to represent?
- Represent the healthy instincts of the master race
- Expression of the Volksgemeinschaft
- 600,000 attended
- Preceded by a Day of German Art which became annual pageant of 2,000 years of German history paradigm through Munich
What was the Exhibition of Degenerate Art?
- 19th July opens by President of the Art Chamber
- 5,000 exhibits of degenerate work, cultural Bolsheviks and fumbling daubers
- Represented disruption the Weimar Republic had bring to Germany
- Works showers distorted forms, unnatural colours and unsettling subjects
What types of works were included in the Exhibition of Degenerate Art?
- 1,052 by Emil Nolde
- 508 by Max Beckmann
- Works by Gauguin, Van Gogh and Picasso
- 2 Million people attended
- Next day work was destroyed, sold abroad or kept by Göring
What did Great German Art show?
- The strength of the Aryan Race
- ‘Blood and Soil’, Sower by Oskar Martin-Amorbach
- Militaristic Value
- Portray Nazi Values
How was Literature affected by the Nazi Regime?
- May 10, 1933 book burning ceremony
- Leading writers of Weimar left, Thomas Mann and Berthold Brecht
- All literature liked was of false history
How was Architecture affected by the Nazi Regime?
- Hitler wanted to build something based on the Parthian Empire
Hated Bauhaus and Neue Schachlickheit - Rejected it but used a lot of its methods, e.g Bauhaus and simplicity
Why was it hard to control the press?
- 4,700 daily newspapers in circulation
- Lots of strong regions identities, political stances
How did Nazis begin to control the press?
- Publishing house, Eher Verlag
- Gradually buying up the press
- 1939, 69% of newspapers built
- 1944, 82% of newspapers brought up
How did Nazis control the press they had not bought?
- DNB News Agency was state controlled
- Controlled what information reached the journalists
What was the Editors Law and how did it control the press?
- 1933 Law made editors responsible for what journalists said
- Frightened the editors into censoring the papers
- Gleischaltung was exercised
What was the primary Radio used in Nazi Germany?
The Peoples Receiver
- Cheap but there was only one station and had limited range (censorship)
- State controlled, played in factories and cafes
How did the number of Radios people have increase?
- 25% had a radio in 1932
- 70% of people had one in 1939
- Highest number of radios in the world
How did Goebbels promote acceptable culture?
22nd September 1933 Reichskulturkammer (RKK) was set up
How did the Olympics affect culture?
- 1936 was hosted by Germany
- Germany won 89 medals, 33 golds
- Promoted strong Aryan men, sculptors were often told to depict this too
How did Nazi’s affect the calendar?
- They rearranged it around important dates for the Nazi’s
- Mothers day was celebrated on Hitlers mothers birthday
- After 1935 parades in the street were extremely militaristic with tanks and armoured vehicles appearing
Where were the olympics hosted?
- Reichssportsfield and Olympic Village
- Stadium could hold 100,00 and had a special stand for Hitler and his guests
Where were the Nazi Party Rally Grounds built?
- Built in Nuremberg
- Held rallies yearly in late August or September from 1933-38
- Lasted up to a week and drew many foreign journalists
- Many party leaders made propaganda speeches
