Upper respiratory tract handout

Question 1

The nose:

Answer 1

-has 2 elliptical surfaces called the nostrils separated by nasal septum

-Each has an ala nasi

-contains an osseocartilaginous framework that consists of:
nasal bones, frontal process of maxilla, nasal part of frontal bone

-plates of hyaline cartialage inferiorly.

Question 2

Nasal cavity: nasal vestibule

Answer 2

-made up of ethmoid, septal cartialage, vomer

-It is lined with modified skin and has coarse hairs that block dust

Question 3

Walls of nasal cavity:

Answer 3

Floor:
palatine process of maxilla
horizontal process of palatine bone

Roof:
Anteriorly: nasal and frontal bone
middle:cirbiform plate of ethmoid
Posteriorly: Body of sphenoid

Lateral wall:
-has superior, middle, inferior conchae

Medial wall:
Superiorly: vertical plate of ethmoid bone
Anteriorly: septal cartialage
Posteroinferiorly: Vomer

Question 4

mucous membrane of nasal cavity:

Answer 4

-Area above is superior choncha is lined with olfactory mucous membrane containing nerve endings.

-lower part of nasal cavity is lined with respiratory mucous membrane: a large plexus of VEINS present in respiratory region

Question 5

Lymph drainage of nasal cavity:

Answer 5

-the lymph vessles draining the vestibule end in the submndiubular nodes
-Nasal cavity is drained by vessles that end in the deep cervical nodes

Question 6

Maxillary sinus drainage:

Answer 6

Middle meatus thru hiatus semilunaris

Question 7

Frontal sinus drainage:

Answer 7

middle meatus thru infundibulum

Question 8

Sphenoidal sinuses drainage:

Answer 8

sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 9

Ethmoidal sinuses drainage (3) :

Answer 9

Anterior group: infundibulum then to middle meatus
Middle group: middle meatus above bulla ethmoidalis
Posterior group: supeior meatus

Question 10

the pharynx:

Answer 10

-mucous membrane is continous with the tympanic cavity ( auditory)
-has a musculomembranous wall which is deficient anteriorly

Question 11

Nasal pharynx:

Answer 11

-lies above soft palate and behind nasal cavity.

-its roof has pharyngeal tonsil

-isthmus is the opening into oropharynx

-lateral wall has the opening of auditory tube, and a depression behind it called pharyngeal recess.

-contains salpingopharyngeal fold

Question 12

Oral pharynx:

Answer 12

-floor formed by: posterior third of tounge

-median epiglottic fold in the midline, with valeculla depressions

-palatopharyngeal archs or fold:

contains palatine tonsils
palatoglossal arch

the interval between 2 palatoglossal archs is called oropahryngeal isthmus

Question 13

Laryngeal pharynx:

Answer 13

-its lateral wall formed by thyroid
cartialage from thyrohyoid membrane

-piriform fossa on mucous membrane inlets

Question 14

Lymph drainage of pahrynx:

Answer 14

directly: into deep cervical nodes .
Indirectly: thru retropharyngeal or paratracheal nodes then into deep cervical nodes.