Upper resp tract

Question 1

Blood supply of external nose:

Answer 1

• ophthalamic and maxillary artery:external nose

-Septal artery(sup labial artery): alar nose and lower part of septum

Question 1

sensory innervation of external nose:

Answer 1

trigeminal nerve:
-infratrochlear nerve and external nasal nerve (branches of ophthalamic)
-infraorbital nerve (braches of maxillary)

Question 2

The nasal vestibule:

Answer 2

contain vibriassae which blocks out particles.

Question 2

The olfactory region:

up up up!

Answer 2

consists of:
-superior concha
-upper nasal septum
-roof of nasal cavity

responsible for smell

Question 3

the respiratory region:

Answer 3

lined with resp mucosa

Question 4

nasal cavity roof formed by:

Answer 4

Anteriorly: by frontal nasal bones
middle: cirbiform plate of ethmoid
posteriorly: body of sphenoid

Question 5

nasal cavity Floor formed by:

it is also the hard palate

Answer 5

Anteriorly: palatine process of maxilla
Posteriorly:horizontal plate of palatine bone

Question 6

Medial wall of the nasal cavity:

Answer 6

Anteriorly:septal cartialage
Posterosuperiorly:perpendicualr plate of ethmoid bone
Posteroinferiorly: Vomer

Question 7

Lateral wall of nasal cavity:

Answer 7

superior and middle chonca: lateral parts of ethmoid
inferior chonca: separate bone on its own

each has a meatus, located below it

Question 8

Blood supply of nasal cavity:

Answer 8

Branches of ophtalamic,maxillary, facial arteries
sphenopalatine artery

sphenopalatine anastomoses with septal branch of superior labial branch

Question 8

Middle meatus 2 important parts:

Answer 8

-bulla ethmoidalis and below it is…

-hiatus semilunaris: is an opening for the maxillary sinus, and the end of hiatus semilunaris leads into infundibulum tunnel.

Question 9

Nerve supply of nasal cavity:

Answer 9

-olfactory nerves, which ascend to cirbiform plate of ethmoid to the olfactory bulbs.

-branches of opthalamic (V1) and maxillary (V2) trigeminal nerve

Question 10

Lymph drainage of the nasal cavity:

Answer 10

-vestibule end drained in submandibular nodes
-upper deep cervical nodes drain the rest of NC

Question 11

kiesselbachs plexus formed from:

anteroinferior part of nasal septum artertial anastomoses

Sph… ant…post… septal……

Answer 11

-sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries
-anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
-septal branch of superior labial artery

Question 11

Most common kiesselbach plexus injury: bleeding

where epistaxis originates from

Answer 11

epistaxis origniates from:
Anterior part of nasal cavity- 90% of nosebleeds from kiesselbachs plexus, occurs from dryness or trauma.

posterior part of nasal cavity- 10% of nosebleeds,ocurs from sphenoplatine artery, blood runs back into digestive system, can also enter lungs

Question 12

Maxillary sinus

Answer 12

-largest sinus
-has to be filled with fluid b4 it drains= more prone to infection
-its roof and floor realted to: orbit and roots of premolar teeth respectively

Question 13

Frontal sinuses

short card

Answer 13

two frontal sinuses

Question 14

sphenoid sinuses

Answer 14

2 sinuses next to the ear, separated by thin bony septum

Question 15

ethmoid sinuses

Answer 15

3 pairs of sinuses between eyes and nose
infection here can spread to the eyes

Question 16

maxillary sinus drainage site

Answer 16

middle meatus thru hiatus semilunaris

Question 17

frontal sinuses drainage site

Answer 17

middle meatus thru infundibulum

Question 18

sphenoidal sinus drainage site

Answer 18

thru sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 19

ethmoidal sinus drainage site

3 parts! anterior middle and posterior

Answer 19

Anterior: infundibulum
middle: above bulla ethmoidalis
Porsterior:superior meatus

Question 20

Nasopharynx boundaries

roof, lateral wall

Answer 20

roof: pahryngeal tonsil
lateral wall: opening of auditory tube closed by torus tubaris

URTI can spread into middle ear from the nasopharynx mucosa

exam question can come in: Otitis media caused thru… nasopharynx

Question 21

oropharynx:

Answer 21

contain:
palatoglossal arch
palatopharyngeal arch
median glossoepiglottic fold, vallecula depressions

Question 22

Laryngopharynx:

has clinically important part

Answer 22

lies behind opening to the larynx
piriform fossa clnical importance- can withhold sharp ingested bodies
lateral wall fromed by: thyroid cartialge and thyrohyoid membrane

Question 23

Nerve supply of naso-oro-laryngo- pharynxes:

Answer 23

Naso: maxillary nerve (V2)
oro:glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
laryngo: vagus nerve branch (CN X)

Question 24

Blood supply of naso oro laryngo:

Answer 24

Ascending pharyngeal arteries
Tonsilar facial arteries
maxillary and lingual arteries

Question 25

Lymph drainage of naso oro laryngo:

Answer 25

Directly: Deep cervical Lymph nodes
Indirectly: retropharyngeal/paratracheal