upper respiratory tract Flashcards
Describe what is present in the fisrt small section of the nose before nasal cavity?
nares (nostrills) open into the nasal vestibule
- skin lined
- stiff hairs
then into nasal cavity
Nasal cavity- what seperates left and right?
split into left and right by nasal septum composed of perpindicular plate of ethmoid bone and vomer bone
what are turbinates? what is there function? Name the three meatus? what differnet things drain to each meatus?
3 Turbinate/concha bones doucles surface area of nose (like shelves) and creates spaces called meatus
-superior meatus (olfactory epithelium, Cribriform plate, Sphenoid and posterior ethmoid sinuses drains in)
-middle meatus
(frontal, anterior ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses drains in )
-inferior meatus
(Nasolacrimal duct-tears drain into it)
frontal sinus- shape? position? nerve supply? where drains to?
Over orbit and across superciliary arch
Nerve supply – ophthalmic division of V nerve
Drain into the middle meatus
maxillary sinus- shape? position? nerve supply? where drains to?
pyramidal shape, under eye
branches of the maxillary nerve
drain into the middle meatus and
Hiatus semilunaris (opening located on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity)
ethmoidal sinus- shape? position? nerve supply? where drains to?
labrynth of air cells
sit between the eyes (intraocular)- The sinus and orbit share the thin medial orbital wall
Anterior and middle air cells of the sinus drain into the middle meatus
The posterior air cells drain into the superior meatus
Nerve supply - ophthalmic and maxillary V nerve
what is the lamina papyracea
name of boning structure between ethmoid sinus and orbit
sphenoidal sinus- location? nerve supply? drains into?
Medial to the cavernous sinus
Carotid artery, III,IV, V, VI
Inferior to optic canal, dura and pituitary gland
Nerve supply – ophthalmic V
Drains into spheno-ethmoidal recess, lateral to the attachment of the nasal septum
pharynx-what type of cells present in lining?
Fibromuscular tube lined with epithelium:
Squamous and columnar ciliated, mucous glands
nasophraynx- what’s present?
Nasopharynx- opening of auditory tube and supply air to middle ear, pharangeal tonsils on posterior wall, soft palate
oropharynx- what’s present?
Oropharynx- anterior part of soft palate (uvula),
Palatine tonsils on the lateral walls
(Palatoglossal folds and
Palatopharyngeal folds)
laryngopharunx- what’s present?
Laryngopharynx/hypopharynx- glottis
larynx- role ? cartilages present? how vocal cords change?
Valvular function shuts larageal cavity preventing liquids and food from entering lung
Rigid structure
Multiple muscles
Arytenoid cartilages rotate on the cricoid cartilage to change vocal cords
9 cartilages
Single: Epiglottis, Thyroid, Cricoid
Pairs: Cuneiform, Corniculate, Arytenoid
laryngeal innervation: by superior laryngeal nerve and recurrrent laryngeal nerve
- Superior laryngeal nerve:
Inferior ganglion, lateral pharyngeal wall then Divides into: Internal (sensation) and External (cricothyroid muscle) - recurrent larygeal nerve (loop of vagus nerve)
Left
Lateral to arch of aorta, loops under aorta, ascends between trachea and oesophagus
Right
R Subclavian artery, plane between trachea and oesophagus
what sits in between the gap in the c shaped hyaline cartilage ring?
smooth muscle
