clinical summary

Question 1

Asthma- expected FEV, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF, MEF, TLC, TLCO and KCO, FeNO, Raw

Answer 1

FEV1- normal or reduced
FVC- normal
PEF- variable
MEF- reduced, typical ‘scalloped’ on flow volume curve
TLC- high or normal
TLco and Kco- normal or elevated
FeNO- high
Raw (Airway resistance)- high when airway narrowing pressent

typically nocturnal
normal blood gases most time

Question 2

COPD- expected FEV, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF, MEF, TLC, TLCO and KCO, FeNO, Raw

Answer 2

FEV1- significantly reduced
FVC- Decreased or normal
FEV1/FVC- Low
PEF- typically not variable
MEF- Low ‘scalloped’ flow volume curve
TLC- high or normal
TLco and Kco- low
FeNO- normal
Raw (airway inflammation)- high

Question 3

what is dynamic hyperinflation?

Answer 3

A temporary increase in the volume of air in the lungs at the end of an exhalation, above what’s normal. . It’s a common feature of COPD in advanced stages.

Question 4

Pulmonary fibrosis- expected FEV, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF, MEF, TLC, TLCO and KCO, FeNO, Raw

Answer 4

a disease that causes the lungs to become scarred and thickened

FEV1- reduced
FVC- reduced
FEV1/FVC- normal or increased (This is because people with PF inhale less air than normal, but can exhale all of it or even more)
PEF- not variable
MEF- low or normal
TLC- reduced
TLCO and KCO- low
FeNO- normal
Raw (airway inflammation) - no change