Upper respiratory system - Anatomy Flashcards
What are the two nasal cavities separated by?
What forms the medial wall, lateral wall, roof and floor of the nasal cavity?
Pencil is the most important
What bone is the cribiform plate from?
What is the cribiform plate for?
The ethmoid bone has passages, thesea are for nerves related to smell (olfactory). The cribiform plate is the area on the ethmoid bone which is responsible for these nerves.
The upper __ of the mucosa of the walls of nasal cavities are responsible for _______.
Explain where the nerves for this sit?
1/3, olfaction.
The mucosa of the lower ____ of the nasal cavity is responsible for _________.
What is the epithelium type in this mucosa? Why?
2/3 respiration.
What are the different conchae and what are they responsible for?
Where are the different nasal meatuses located with respect to the chonchae? What are they responsible for?
What is the other thing which is not considered to be a meatus? Where is this situated?
The air passages below the respective conchae are known as nasal meatuses.
Superior nasal meatus is located superior to middle nasal concha.
Middle nasal meatus is located inferior to middle nasal concha and superior to the inferior nasal concha.
Inferior nasal meatus is located inferior to inferior nasal concha.
Exception: air passage that is located superior to the superior nasal meatus is known as the Sphenoethmoidal recess.
what are the different paranasal sinuses?
What is their function?
What is epithelia is the pharynx lined by?
What mostly compromises the pharynx?
Where and what are the two tonsils in the nasopharynx?
- (Naso)Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids in children) is in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx.
- tubal tonsils (paired) is located in the lateral wall, behind the opening of the auditory tube.
The oral cavity is connected to the oropharynx via the…..
It extends from the….to the…
oropharyngeal isthmus (isthmus=narrowing).
From the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottic cartilage of the larynx.
The laryngopharynx connects to the larynx via the…
laryngeal inlet.
What are these tonsils?
What vertebral levels does the larynx extend to and from plus anatomically.
What are the different functions of the larynx?
What are the small and large cartilages of the larynx?
What is the cartilage of the Adams apple?
Explain how it is formed?
The inferior horn of ________ cartilage articulates with the ________ cartilage and forms a synovial joint. Each ______ cartilage articulates with ______ cartilage by a synovial joint too.
thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, cricoid.
What are the external membranes of the larynx?
Which nerve and artery pierces one of these membranes?
Internal membranes of the Larynx.
Where do they attach to?
The __________ muscle abduct the vocal cords and opens the interval known as the __________ which allows air inflow during respiration.
posterior cricoarythenoid muscle, rima glottidis
The _________ muscle tilts the _____ cartilage over the ______ cartilage to modulate pitch of sound by altering tension and length in the vocal cords.
cricothyroid muscle, thyroid over the cricoid cartilage.
The cavity of the larynx is split into 3 parts….
Explain the sensory innervation of the larynx?
Motor innervation?
Above laryngeal ventricle: internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (vagus nerve).
Below: Recurrent laryngeal nerve (vagus nerve).
Motor innervation: All muscles are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve but the cricothyroid muscle which is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.
