Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology - Christi > Upper Respiratory - Quiz #1 > Flashcards

Upper Respiratory - Quiz #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

A

Common Cold, Sinusitis, Epiglottitis, Influenza, Scarlet Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

over 200 causative organisms

A

Rhinovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • transmitted through respiratory droplets-inhaled or touching contaminated objects
    -prevent spread with hand and respiratory hygiene
A

Common Cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

s/s- congestion, rhinorrhea, possibly sore throat or cough from nasal drainage, mild fever, HA

A

Common Cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Treatment for Common Cold

A

Self limiting illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Symptomatic/supportive care for common cold

A

humidifier, Tylenol, decongestants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

No antibiotic….. Why?
What illness?

A

Antibiotics do not cure viral infections and are usually for secondary bacterial infections such as sinusitis, otitis media, or tracheitis.
Prophylactic use in high risk patients

**Common Cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

-Viral or bacterial
-Acute or chronic
-Secondary to upper respiratory infection or allergies (block sinus drainage)
s/s: headache, sinus pressure, facial pain, congestion, fever, sore throat

A

Sinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment for Sinusitis

A

Decongestants, analgesics
** Antibiotics ONLY if bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

-viral
-young children age 3 months to 3 years
PATHO:
-Begins as upper respiratory condition with nasal congestion and cough
-Inflammation of larynx and subglottic area-swelling and exudate cause obstruction
-Seal like bark
-Stridor while breathing on inspiration

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

AKA: CROUP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

s/s: worse at night
-barking cough
-Hoarse voice
-Inspiratory stridor

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

AKA: CROUP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Treatment:
-Cool, moisturized air from a humidifier or steam from a hot shower
-Usually self-limited-full recovery occurs in several days

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

AKA: CROUP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

-Acute infection with rapid onset
-MEDICAL EMERGENCY (airway occlusion)
* Haemophilus influenzae B (HIB)
-children age 3-7 years
-

A

Epiglottitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Patho:
-Swelling of the larynx, supraglottic area, and epiglottis
-Epiglottis becomes round, red ball that blocks the airway

A

Epiglottitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

s/s:
-Toxic child: Fever, sore throat
-no cough
-child refuses to swallow, drooling
-inspiratory stridor b/c of swelling in airway
-anxious and pale, muffled voice
-tripod position with the mouth open-struggling to breathe

A

Epglottitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What should you (RN) never do to a patient with Epiglottitis?

A

CAUTION: NEVER try to visualize throat- May cause reflex spasm and total airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatment includes:
-Oxygen
-Antibiotics (if bacterial)
-Intubation or tracheotomy if necessary

*HINT- Tripod position

A

Epiglottitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

There are three groups (Type A, B, and C)
-vaccinations are highly recommended

A

Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

s/s:
-sudden, acute onset
-cold symptoms+fever, fatigue, muscle/body aches

A

Influenza (FLU Symptoms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Complications:
-secondary viral or bacterial pneumonia

A

Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment includes:
-supportive care
-antivirals
-must be started within 48 hours of onset
-may reduce symptom severity and length of illness
-also helps prevent spread to others

A

Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the symptoms differences between the cold vs Flu?

A

Flu symptoms include symptoms present in colds in addition to:
-aching muscles/joints
-fever
-chills
-high fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Caused by group A B-hemolytic Streptoccocus (S. pyogens)

  • Typical strawberry tounge
A

Scarlet Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

s/s:
- Strawberry tongue
- fine, non-itchy rash on the chest, neck, groin, and thighs
- fever, sore throat

A

Scarlet Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the treatment for Scarlet Fever?

A

Antibiotics - b/c it is a bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are three lower respiratory illnesses?

A
  1. Bronchiolitis
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Tuberculosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

-caused by RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
-primarily affects infants and may be severe; now seeing more RSV in adult patients
-transmitted by oral droplets, worse in winter
-predisposing factors: familial history of asthma, exposure to cigarette smoke

A

Bronchiolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Patho:
Inflammation (edema, increased secretions, & bronchospasm) necrosis of mucosa of small bronchi and bronchioles resulting in airway obstruction

A

Bronchiolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

s/s:
-increasing dyspnea and wheezing (bronchi constriction)
-Rapid, shallow breathing
-chest retractions, nasal flaring
-copious secretions
-cough, rales
-fever, malaise

A

Bronchiolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Treatment:
-supportive care (O2 intubation)
-some require hospital admission for respiratory support
-monitor ABGs (show O2 in blood, show CO2 level in blood)
-frequent suctioning
-RSV-immunoglobulin serum or palivizumab for some infants
-O2 level low on venous

A

Bronchiolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Primary acute infection or secondary to another process (aspiration)

A

Pneumonia

32
Q

Classification of pneumonias is based on:

A

-causative agent: viral, bacterial, fungal
-anatomical location of infection: throughout both lungs, or consolidated in one lobe.

33
Q

Pathophysiologic changes:
changes in interstitial tissue, alveolar septae, alveoli

Epidemiologic data:
Nosocomial (hospital acquired) or community-acquired

Spread by: Respiratory droplets

A

Pneumonia

34
Q

Community-based pneumonia, often in healthy young adults

Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Lobar Pneumonia

35
Q

Path:
Infection localized in one or more lobes
-inflammation and vascular congestion -exudate forms in alveoli
-Exudate contains fibrin and forms consolidation that can be seen on x-ray
-Exudate may produce RUSTY SPUTUM
-Infection may spread to pleural cavity—empyema (area of pus in pleural cavity)
**empyema inhibits expansion

A

Lobar Pneumonia

36
Q

s/s:
-sudden onset
System signs- high FEVER with chills, fatigue, leukocytosis (elevated in WBC)
-Dyspnea, tachypnea , tachycardia
-Pleural pain, pleural friction rub
-Rales/rhonchi (coarse bubbling sound (due to fluid, pus, exudate)
-Productive cough (yellow or rust colored)
-Restlessness, confusion, and agitation (decreased level of O2, starting to go septic)

A

Lobar Pneumonia

37
Q

-A form of atypical pneumonia
-Opportunistic infection
-Patients with AIDS or cancer or severely immunocompromised are at greater risk
-FUNGUS that attaches to cells in alveoli
-necrosis and diffuse interstitial inflammation
-Avleoli fill with exudate and fungi

A

Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia

38
Q

Caused by Leionella pneumophila bacterium
-thrives in warm, moist environments-air conditioning, hot tubs
- Often nonsocomial (get in hospital) infection

A

Legionnaires Disease

39
Q

Patho:
-cause sever congestion and consolidation
-Necrosis in the lung
-Possibly fatal

A

Legionnaires Disease

40
Q

s/s:
SEVER pneumonia symptoms

A

Legionnaires Disease

41
Q

Caused by: Myobacterium tuberculosis

A

Tuberculosis (TB)

42
Q

How is TB transmitted?

A

-oral droplets from persons with ACTIVE infection

43
Q

Primarily affects the lungs; other organs may also be invaded (brain, kidneys, spine)

*Hard to kill/eradicate

A

Tuberculosis

44
Q

TB risk factors:

A

-people living in crowded conditions
-immunodeficiency
-malnutrition
-alcoholism
-conditions of war
-chronic disease
-HIV infection

45
Q

When does TB not spread?

When does TB spread?

A

Not spread when dormant

Spreads when active

46
Q

TB- secondary infections

A

Occurs when client’s cell-mediated immunity is impaired because of:
-stress
-malnutrition
-HIV infection
-Age

47
Q

TB-secondary infection

A

-Mycobacteria that have been dormant for years become active, begin to reproduce and infect lung
-Cavitation occurs- Large areas of necrosis form and erode into blood vessels and bronchi
-This is the active TB stage, which can spread to others

48
Q

s/s: (when Active)
-anorexia
-malaise and fatigue
-weight loss
-afternoon low grade fever
-night sweats
-progressively worsening cough
-hemopytosis (coughing up blood)

A

TB

49
Q

Primary tuberculosis is?

A

Asymptomatic

50
Q

PPD tuberculin

A

skin test for TB
-results (looking for firm swelling at site of administration)

51
Q

Who cannot use a PPD test for TB accuracy

A

Patients who have had the BCG vaccine or have had previous positive tests

52
Q

Active TB infection tests

A

Acid fast sputum test: 3 separate early morning sputum samples, preferably 3 consecutive days

Chest x-ray or CT

53
Q

Long-term treatment with a combination of 3 drugs for 6-12 months
-isoniazid
-Rifampin
-Ethambutol

A

Tuberculosis treatment

54
Q

What illness will have a sputum culture that is usually negative after 1 to 2 months of treatment

A

TB

55
Q

What is essential to eradicate infection and prevent antibiotic resistance

A

COMPLIANCE of TB treatments

56
Q

Where is BCG vaccine widely used

A

North America

57
Q

TB treatment recommendations

A

-contacts of the patient be given prophylactic isoniazid for 1 year and receive tuberculin testing

58
Q

Obey gooey babies with copious secretions

A

Bronchiolitis

59
Q

Stop breathing

A

Apnea

60
Q

Rare abnormal breathing pattern

A

Cheyne- Stokes Respirations

61
Q

Abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by complete irregularity of breathing, with irregular pauses and increasing periods of Apnea

A

Ataxic Breathing

62
Q

Abnormally slow breathing rate

A

Bradypnea

63
Q

Normal, good, healthy and unlabored breathing

A

Eupnea

64
Q

Adventitious breath sound heard on auscultation of the lungs

A

Friction Rub

65
Q

Taking in deeper breaths than usual, which increases the volume of air in the lungs

A

Hyperpnea

66
Q

Fast, deep breaths that occur in response to metabolic acidosis

A

Kussmaul’s Respirations

67
Q

Discomfort when breathing while lying down flat; Common in people with some types of heart and lung conditions

A

Orthopnea

68
Q

Abnormal lung sounds characterized by discontinuous clicking or rattling sounds

A

Rales

69
Q

“Large airway sounds” continuous gurgling or bubbling sounds typically heard during both inhalation and exhalation

A

Rhonchi

70
Q

Harsh vibrating noise when breathing, caused by and obstruction of the windpipe or larynx

A

Stridor

71
Q

Rapid breathing

A

Tachypnea

72
Q

Breathe with a whistling or rattling sound in the chest, as a result of an obstruction in the air passages

A

Wheezes

73
Q

Sensation of shortness of breath that awakens the patient, often after 1-2 hours of sleep, and is usually relieved in the upright position

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

74
Q

Bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygen

A

Cyanosis

75
Q

Excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, typically caused by inadequate respiration

A

Hypercapnea

76
Q

Low levels of oxygen in the blood

A

Hypoxemia

77
Q
A

Pathophysiology - Christi (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions