Exam 3 - Fluid Balance Electrolytes Flashcards
fluid inside cells
Intracellular
fluid outside cells
intravascular (blood)
interstitial fluid (CSF)
transcellular (secretions)
Extracellular
Adult 60%
Infant 70%
Fluid range
Amount in = Amount out
try to maintain fluid balance with the body
Holds on to water
ADH (active in the kidney tubules)
Holds on to sodium and water
Aldosterone
Ger rid of sodium and water
ANP and BNP
Fluids constantly moving by ______________?
filtration or osmosis
direction of fluid movement depends on _______________?
Hydrostatic and Oncotic pressure changes
Effects of fluid on blood cells
Hypotonic solution (dilute) = swollen cell
Isotonic solution (normal) = normal red cell
Hypertonic solution (concentrated) = shrunken (crenated) cell (like a raisin)
What is edema?
excessive amount of fluid in the interstitial compartment which causes swelling of the tissues
localized or general
more severe in dependent areas due to GRAVITY
Prolonged ________________ hinders
venous return
arterial circulation
cell function in the affected area
Edema
with ______________ you should check weight daily.
Alert HCP if more than 3lbs daily
Edema (fluid excess)
localized swelling, pain (pressure on the nerves from swelling)
weight gain
pale, gray, or red skin color
slow, bounding pulse, high Bp, JVD (more volume in vessels)
dilute urine
pulmonary congestion - cough, rales
skin breakdown
Manifestations of Fluid Volume Excess
fluid shifts our of the blood into the body or tissue where it is no longer available as circulating fluid
Third spacing
caused by burns, peritonitis, low protein levels, abdominal surgery, sepsis
Third spacing
insufficient body fluid resulting from inadequate intake or excessive loss of fluids (or combo of the two)
often measured by a change in body weight
more serious in infants and elderly
they lack significant fluid reserve, unable to conserve fluid quickly
water loss often accompanied by loss of electrolytes and sometimes proteins
Dehydration (fluid deficit)
Dehydration causes
vomiting and diarrhea (loss of numerous
electrolytes, nutrients, and water)
Drainage and suction of any portion of the
digestive system
Excessive sweating - loss of sodium and
water
Diabetic ketoacidosis- loss of fluid,
electrolytes, and glucose in urine
Insufficient water intake in an elderly or
unconscious person
Use of a concentrated formula to provide
more nutrition to an infant
Manifestations of fluid volume deficit
Diminished skin turgor, dry mucous
membranes, flattened neck veins
Thirst, weight loss
Pale cool skin»_space;»> altered blood flow
Increased heart rate, rapid, weak, thready
pulse
Low blood pressure and orthostatic
hypotension
increased body temp
Fatigue, weakness, dizziness, possible
stupor»_space;» low blood volume
Concentrated urine, decreased urine output
LOW Sodium can reek havoc on mental
state
Renal and Respiratory
ABG’s
Normal pH
7.35-7.45
more basic (alkalotic)
> 7.4 = less hydrogen ions
more acidic (acidotic)
<7.4 = more hydrogen ions
cell metabolism constantly produces __________?L
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Hydrogen Acid
**Both are Acidic
