Upper Respiratory Infections Flashcards
Flu
1) Onset
2) S&S
1) Abrupt
2) -Fever
- Headache
- Myalgia
- Fatigue
- Exhaustion
- Chest Discomfort
Flu
1) Transmission
2) Most common type
3) Prevention
1) Transmitted through infected droplets, inhalation of aerosolized particles and direct contact
2) Type A- most virulent
3) Vaccine and hand hygiene
Flu
1) Dx
2) Who should get the vaccine?
3) Who should not get the vaccine?
1) Rapid flu diagnostic tests. Best when used within 48 hours
2) Anyone over 6 months
3) Patients with an egg allergy
Cold
1) Onset
2) S&S
1) Gradual
2) -Stuffy nose
- Sneezing
- Sore Throat
Sinusitis
1) Definition
2) Acute vs. Chronic
3) Causative organisms
1) Inflammation of mucous membranes of sinus cavity
2) Acute: 1-4wks; Chronic: longer than 12 was
3) -Strep Pneumoniae
- Haemophilus Influenza
- Bacteriode Species
S&S of Sinusitis
- Nasal swelling
- Facial Pressure
- Purulent/Bloody discharge
- Congestion
- Fever
- Malaise
- Halitosis
- Pain
- Enlarged Turbinates
1) Dx of Sinusitis
2) What does it reveal?
1) Sinus x-rays
2) Sinuses have a cloudy appearance and thickening of sinus walls
Nursing Dx for Sinusitis
- Fluid Volume Deficit
- Altered Oral Mucus Membranes
- Pain
- Impaired Gas Exchange
- Hyperthermia
Nursing Interventions for Sinusitis
- Increase fluids 3-4L a day
- Rest
- Avoid others
- Hand hygiene
- Antral irrigation
- Antipyretics- Aspirin and Tylenol
- Decongestants
- Cough suppressants
- Antihistamines
Sinusitis
1) S/E of Decongestants
2) How long should decongestants be taken?
3) What to give if no improvement?
1) High BP
2) No longer than 4-5 days
3) Antibiotics- Amoxicillin
Nasal Polyps
1) What do they look like?
2) Tx
3) Sx therapy
1) Grapelike clusters in the nasal mucosa
2) Topical and systemic corticosteroids
3) Polypectomy- Removal
Epistaxis
1) Definition
2) How should patient sit?
3) N/I
1) Nosebleed
2) Leaning forward with head tilted forward
3) Apply direct pressure by squeezing nostrils for 5mins
Epistaxis
1) What to do if bleeding doesn’t stop for 15mins?
2) What should the patient avoid?
3) Tx for posterior bleeds?
1) Call HCP
2) Aspirin and NSAIDs; Strenuous activity and lifting for 4-6wks
3) Packing
Otitis Media
1) Definition
2) Patient History
3) Lab Findings
1) Fluid in the middle ear
2) History of URIs and allergies
3) Elevated WBC and ear culture
S&S of Otitis Media
- Pain
- Loss of hearing
- Headache
- Crackling sounds in the ears
- Malaise
- Fever
- N/V
- Vertigo
Nursing Interventions for Otitis Media
- Bedrest
- Analgesics
- Heat
- Antibiotics
- Antihistamines
- Myringotomy: tube insertion to facilitate drainage
- Fluids
Bacterial Causes of Pharyngitis
- Strep
- Staph
- H. Influenza
- Cornybacterium Diptheriae
Viral Causes of Pharyngitis
- Adenovirus
- Epstein Barr
- Cytomegalovirus
- Herpes
Pharyngitis
1) General S&S
2) Viral S&S
3) Bacterial S&S
1) Pain; Soreness; Dryness in the mouth; Dysphasia; Fever
2) Gradual onset; Rhinorrhea; Headache
3) Abrupt onset; Myalgia; Malaise; High Fever; Cervical lymph node involvement; Tonsillar/ Pharyngeal exudate; Absence of cough
Pharyngitis
1) What does the throat look like?
2) Patient History
1) Red; Enlarged tonsils; Exudate; Nasal discharge
2) Recent contact with disease; Rheumatic Fever; Strep infection; Recent tetanus vaccine
Complications of Pharyngitis
1) S&S of rheumatic Fever
2) S&S of Glomerulonephritis
1) 3-5 weeks later; Fever; Painful joints; Murmur
2) 7-10 days later; Hematuria; Proteinuria; HTN
1) Dx for Pharyngitis
2) WBC count for viral vs. bacterial infections
1) Throat culture and CBC
2) Viral: low/normal WBC
Bacterial: Elevated WBC
Care of Pharyngitis
- Fluids
- Analgesics
- Warm saline gargles
- Lozenges
- Antibiotics for bacterial infection
Laryngitis
1) Causes
2) Dx
1) Glue; Paint thinner; tobacco; alcohol; voice overuse
2) Laryngeal exam; Neck X-rays; CT scan; Laryngoscopic exam
S&S of Pharyngitis
- Hoarseness/Loss of voice
- Dry cough
- Dysphagia
- Aphonia
- Tingling/Burning sensation in throat
- Persistent need to clear throat
Drugs for Rhinitis and Sinusitis; examples and side effects
- Ipratropium nasal spray causes nasal dryness and nosebleeds
- Antihistamines- 1st gen can cause drowsiness
- Decongestants- Sudafed causes CNS stimulation, palpitations and tachycardia
- Leukotrines- singular causes headaches and dizziness
Allergic Rhinitis management and drug therapy
- Identifying and avoiding triggers is key
- Corticosteroid sprays is 1st line Tx
- Antihistamines
- Decongestants
- LTRAs
Nasal Sx management
- Aspiring and NSAIDS should be stopped for 5 days to 2 weeks before
- Ensure patency of airway
- Asses respiratory status
- Monitor for airway obstruction
- Pain management
- Asses Sx site
