Respiratory Assessment Flashcards
1) Crackles vs. wheezes
2) What condition are crackles found in?
1) Crackles: Low pitched bubbling sounds on inspiration; Wheezes: high pitched sounds heard during both phases
2) HF
S&S of inadequate oxygenation
CNS: apprehension, restlessness, confusion, lethargy, coma
Respiratory: tachypnea, dyspnea, use of accessory muscles, retractions
Cardio: tachycardia, HTN, dysthymias, hypotension
Surfactant
Reduces the amount of pressure needed to inflate the alveoli and makes them less likely to collapse. When there isn’t enough the alveoli collapse = atelectasis
ABGs
1) What should be done before?
2) What should be done after?
1) Allens test
2) Apply pressure to artery for 5mins after and place sample on ice
CT scan
1) What should be evaluated before?
2) Pt teaching
3) What should pt do after?
4) Use
1) Renal function and shellfish allergy
2) The contrast media may cause feeling warm and flushed
3) Drink fluids
4) To Dx pulmonary emboli
What should be done before MRI?
- Assess for pregnancy, allergies, and renal function
- Have pt lie completely still
- Remove all metal objects
PET scan
1) Before
2) After
1) NPO for at least 4 hrs; Hold glucose containing solutions
2) Encourage fluids
Bronchoscopy
1) Before
2) After
1) Before: Consent; NPO for 6-12hr; give sedative
2) Keep pt NPO until gag reflex returns
Thoracentesis
1) Pt position during
2) After
1) Upright with elbows over table and feet supported
2) Verify breath sounds in all lung fields; encourage deep breaths; observe for S&S of hypoxia
PFTs
1) What should be avoided?
2) How is it done?
3) What should pt do?
1) Bronchodilators for 6 hours before
2) Using incentive spirometer
3) Take a deep breath and exhale as hard and fast as possible
Respiratory changes associated with age
- Barrel shaped chest
- Hyperresonace to percussion
- Weak cough effort
