ABGs Flashcards
1) Normal pH of blood
2) Normal range of CO2
3) Normal range of HCO3
1) 7.35-7.45
2) 35-45 mm hg
3) 22-26
1) How does acidemia affect potassium balance?
2) How does alkalemia affect potassium balance?
1) Causes K+ to shift from the cells to the ECF
2) Cause K+ to shift into the cells
1) Respiratory alkalosis
2) Respiratory Acidosis
3) Relationship of pH and HCO3 in metabolic conditions
1) The pH is high and the PaCO2 is low
2) The pH is low and the PaCO2 is high
3) They go in the same direction
Causes of Respiratory Acidosis
- HYPOVENTILATION
- Any conditioner that obstructs the airway
- Drug overdose
- Chest or head trauma
- Pulmonary edema
- Sudden airway obstruction
- Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis
- HYPERVENTILATION
- Any condition that causes overstimulation of the respiratory system
- Anxiety
- Early COPD
- Lung lesions
- ASA toxicity
- High altitude
- Mechanical ventilation
- Hypoxemia
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis
- Excess acid or reduced bicarbonate
- Acid overproduction
- Prolonged fasting
- Diarrhea
- Renal failure
- Shock
Normal vs. Mild vs. Moderate vs. Severe Hypoxia
Normal: 80-100
Mild: 60-80
Moderate: 40-60
Severe: less than 40
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis
- Excess bicarbonate
- Over ingestion of sodium bicarbonate
- Severe vomiting
- Gastric suctioning
- Over use of K+ wasting diuretics
- Suctioning
1) How does the RR change in Metabolic acidosis?
2) Tx
1) Patient develops Kussmaul’s respirations: deep and rapid
2) Give NS bolus and insulin
Compensation vs. uncompensated vs. partially compensated
1) The pH is normal and all other values are abnormal
2) The pH is abnormal and only one other value is abnormal
3) All 3 are abnormal
