Upper respiratory Anatomy

Question 1

Arterial Blood Supply to the Nose

Answer 1

1. Internal carotid–> opthalmic artery–> anterior + posterior ethmoidal artery
2. External carotid –> Sphenopalatine artery, Greater palatine artery, Superior labial artery and Lateral nasal arteries

Question 2

Function of Pharynx

Answer 2

• Assits in deglutination
• Immunological –> adnoid, lingual and palatine tonsils
• Resonating chamber for speech sounds
• Passageway for food and air

Question 3

Nasopharynx

Answer 3

• Respiratory function- conditions inspired air
• Contains adenoid tonsils
• Eustachian tube- controls air in middle ear making it equal with air pressure outside the body

Question 4

Oropharynx

Answer 4

• Lingual tonsils- inferior to the tongue

- Palatine tonsils- tonsilar fossa betwen palatoglossal and palatonopharyngeal arches

Question 5

Laryngopharynx

Answer 5

• continuous with the oesophagus

Question 6

Circular muscles of Pharynx

Answer 6

• Superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles which propel bolus of food inferiorly into the oesophagus
• Innervated by Vagus nerve

Question 7

Larynx Unpaired cartilage

Answer 7

1. Epiglottis- made up of elastic cartilage, moves down during deglutination to cover the glottis
2. Thyroid- Adams apple
3. Cricoid- ring of hyaline cartliage

Question 8

Larynx Paired Cartilage

Answer 8

• Cuneiform
• Corniculate
• Artenoid

Question 9

Vasculature of Larynx

Answer 9

• Upper larynx= Superior larygeal artery
• Lower larynx= inferior laryngeal artery

Veins: internal jugular and left brachiocephalic vein

Question 10

Innervation of Larynx

Answer 10

• Receives motor and sensory info via vagus nerve: - superior laryngeal gives off internal and external laryngeal nerves
• Recurrent laryngeal nerve (loops under aorta/ subclavian)

Sensory:
(above vocal folds)= superior laryngeal
(Below VF)= recurrent LN

Motor:
- Recurrent laryngeal except cricothyroid–> external LN.