Lower respiratory Flashcards
1
Q
Mediastinum
A
- Area in the chest between the lungs that contains the heart, trachea and oesophagus
- Heart is in the middle of the medistinum
2
Q
T4/T5 importance
A
- Sternal angle (angle of Louis)
- Tracheal bifurcation (carina)
- Azygous vein enters the superior vena cava (thoracic duct)
3
Q
Hila
A
- Covered by mediastinal pleura
- Site of entry/exit of vessels
- Cardiac impression
- Pulmonary ligament- inferior extension of hila allowing mobility
4
Q
R lung hila
A
- Superior vena cava
- R atrium
- Beneath azygous vein
5
Q
L Root
A
- under aortic arch, anterior to descending thoracic aorta
6
Q
Rules of 2’s
A
2- sternal angle 4- horizontal fissure on right lung 6- oblique fissure 8- lower border of anterior lung 10- mid-axillary border of the lungs 12- pleural reaches further down than the lungs
7
Q
Bronchopulmonary segments
A
- 3 lobes (R)
- 2 lobes (L)
- 8-10 segments on Right
- 8 segments on Left
Importance= discrete and its own functional unit (own blood supply and tertiary bronchus supply)
- surgery
8
Q
Histology of Trachea
A
- Mucosa (pseudostratified ciliated epithelium with goblet cells)
- Submucosa
- Fibrocartilage
- Adventitia- bind Trachea to adjacent structures
9
Q
Parts of Pleural cavity
A
- Cervical
- Costal
- Diaphragmatic
- Mediastinal
- Pulmonary ligament
10
Q
Innervation of Parietal
A
- Intercostal nerves and phrenic for Diaphragmatic and mediatinal
- pain, pressure, temp
11
Q
Innervation of Visceral
A
Vagus and sympathetic fibres- sensitive to distention
12
Q
Innervation of Diaphragm
A
Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)
13
Q
Intercostal muscle innervation
A
intercostal nerves
14
Q
External intercostal muscles
A
Hands in pockets
15
Q
Internal Intercostal muscles
A
Hands on shoulders
