Micellaneous I'll forget Flashcards
Blood supply to Anterior + posterior ethmoidal
Opthalmic artery
Blood supply to lateral nasal
Facial artery
Blood supply to Sphenopalatine
Septal branches
Frontal sinus drainage
Into infindibulum
Middle ethmoidal sinus drainage
bulla ethmoidalis
Posterior ethmoidal sinus drainage
lateral walls of superior meatus
Sphenoid sinus drainage
spehno-ethmoidal recess
Maxillary sinus drainage
hiatus semilunaris
Which four arteries make up Kisselbach’s area
Anterior ethmoidal artery
Sphenopalatine
Greater palatine
Septal branch of the superior labial artery
Arterial supply of upper larynx
common carotid–> external carotid–> superior thyroid –> superior laryngeal
Arterial supply of lower larynx
subclavian–> thyrocervial –> inferior thyroid–> inferior laryngeal
Venous drainage of larynx
UPPER= superior laryngeal vein–> superior thyroid–> internal jugular vein
LOWER= inferior laryngeal vein–> inferior thyroid–> left brachiocephalic vein
Importance of T4/T5
- Where azygous vein joins SVC
- Where trachea bifuricates at the carina
Diaphragm innervation
C3, C4, C5 Keeps the diaphragm alive
Parietal pleura innervation
Intercostal and phrenic nerves
- Sensitive to touch/temperature/ pressure
Visceral pleura innervation
vagus + sympathetic fibres
Regions of pleural cavity
Cervical Coastal Diaphragmatic Mediastinal Pulmonary ligament
Inspiration Muscles
- External intercostal
- Diaphragm
FORCED:
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Serratus Anterior
- Pectoralis Major
- Lat. Dorsi
- Scalene
Expiration muscles
- Diaphragm relaxing
FORCED:
- Internal intercostal
- Abdominal muscles
- Quadratus Lumborum
Obstructive pulmonary diseases (<0.70)
- Pulmonary oedema
- bronchitis
- asthma
- cystic fibrosis
- bronchiectasis
Restrictive pulmonary diseases (>0.80)
- lung fibrosis (large amount of scar tissue)
- Pneumonconiosis
- Pulmonary oedema
- Thoracic cage deformity
- obesity
- Pregnancy
Function of 2 3 DPG
- Decreases Hb’s affinity for O2
- Causes affinity curve to shift right
- enhances O2 unloading in tissues
Initiation of breathing in neonates
- Cutting of the placenta causes asphyxia (no O2 supplied to baby
- Temporarily causes an increase in CO2 and O2 and acidosis
- Chemoreceptors in carotid body and in medulla are stimulated by this and initiates breathing
- Decrease in environment temperature, stimulation of nerve endings in skin and experiencing light and sound initiate breathing also.
Respiratory system and fear
- Hypothalamus sends signals once stress is perceived
- Sympathetic NS stimulates adrenal medulla to secrete adrenaline/noradrenaline- increases alertness, blood flow to muscles, respiration rate and cardiac output.
- Stimulation of corticotrophs causes ACTH release then cortisol release from adrenal cortex.
