Upper Resp Tract Disorders Flashcards
Cause of Acute Rhinitis
Adenoviruses
When do symptoms start in acute rhinitis?
1-3 days
Clinical pictures of Acute rhinitis
Runny nose, sneezing, nasal congestion, mild sore throat
Course of the dx
Acute rhinitis
Self limiting 5-10 days
Cause of Allergic Rhinitis
igE type 1 immune reaction
Physiological involvement in allergic rhinitis
of mucosal and submucosal mast cells
Findings in peripheral blood & nasal discharge in allergic rhinitis
increase in eosinophils
Allergic rhinitis is also known as
Hay fever
Super-infection on acute viral or allergic rhinitis
Bacterial infection of the upper resp tract
Causes of Bacterial infection of the upper resp tract
strep. staph. and influnz
Macro\microscopic features of bacterial infection
Fibrous scarring
Atrophy of epithelium and mucous glands
Decreased vascularity
Common condition characterised by
inflammation and swelling of the sinuses for at least
12 weeks, despite treatment attempts
Chronic Sinusitis
Epidemiology of Chronic Sinusitis
young and middle aged adults
Cause of Chronic Sinusitis
Infections or nasal polyps in the sinuses or a
deviated nasal septum
Pathogenesis of Chronic Sinusitis
Obstruction of drainage outlets from
the sinuses → Accumulation of mucoid secretions or exudate
Symptoms of Chronic Sinusitis
Thick, discoloured discharge from the nose or drainage down the back of the throat (postnasal drainage)
Nasal obstruction or congestion, causing difficulty
breathing through nose
Pain, tenderness and swelling around the eyes, cheeks, nose or forehead
Reduced sense of smell and taste in adults or cough in children
Ear pain
Aching in the upper jaw and teeth
Cough that might worsen at night
Sore throat
Bad breath (halitosis)
Fatigue or irritability
Nausea
How many symptoms need to be present to diagnose with chronic sinusitis?
2 of the 4 primary
In which form of sinusitis can fever be present?
Acute Sinusitis
Acute inflammation of the larynx
Laryngitis
Cause of laryngitis
Inhalation of irritants, allergic reactions,
viruses, bacteria, voice overuse
Clinical signs of laryngitis
Inflammation and oedema of the vocal cords → Hoarseness
Consequence of protracted active Tbc; Infected sputum is coughed up
Tuberculous Laryngitis
Causes of diptheritic laryngitis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Pathogenesis of diptheritic laryngitis
Inhalation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae → Implantation on the upper-airways’ mucosa → Release of exotoxin → Necrosis of the epithelium → Dense fibrino-purulent exudate