Congenital heart diseases Flashcards
Causes of Congenital Heart Disease
Unknown
Chromosomal abnormalities
Fetal oxygen deprivation
Congenital rubella syndrome
Females missing 1 X chromosome
Turner syndrome
Congenital heart manifestation of turner syndrome
Coarctation of the aorta: narrowing of aorta at a segment (mostly post ductal higher BP in arms & lower BP in legs) + Bicuspid aortic valve
Trisomy 21
Down syndrome
Congenital heart manifestation of down syndrome
Endocardial cushion (AV cushion) defects -> AV SEPTAL DEFECTS &
ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE DEFORMITIES
What is oxygen deprivation linked to?
Patent ductus arteriosus
Tetralogy of fallot
a. Overriding aorta (blood from both ventricles)
b. Pulmonary stenosis (narrowed pul. artery)
c. Ventricular septal defect (shunt btw both ventricles)
d. Right ventricular hypertrophy -> pulmonary stenosis
Causes of tetralogy of fallot
Maternal rubella infection
Clinical signs of tetralogy of fallot
+ve schamroth signs -> clubbed nails patient in squatting position
Absence of a shunt (aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta)
Non-cyanotic disease
Presence of a left to right shunt (patent ductus arteriosus, atrial or ventricular septal defects)
Non-cyanotic disease
Transposition of the great vessels (survival depends on the presence of a shunt btw the left and right ventricles)
Cyanotic disease
Malformations with a right-to-left shunt (e.g.Tetralogy of Fallot)
Cyanotic disease
Disorders in which a left-to-right shunt reverses to right-to-left shunt (e.g. late cyanosis, tardive cyanosis)
Cyanotic disease
Cardiac malformations in congenital rubella syndrome
Patent ductus arteriosus, aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary infundibular or valvular stenosis
