Upper & Lower Respiratory Tract Infections 2 Flashcards
Describe the symptoms of bronchitis in children aged 1 to 4.
The child will have a loose, wet, rattly cough and may bring up glut, which is tough.
What is the usual color of the mucus in bronchitis, and what does a different color indicate?
The mucus is usually creamy and clear. If it’s brown or green, it may indicate a bacterial infection.
Explain the impact of a virus on the mucosal escalator in the airway.
A virus can switch off the mucosal escalator, leading to secretions accumulating and tickling the cough receptor, causing the need to bring it up.
Define the term ‘Above Wabbit’ as used by the locals.
It’s a local term for feeling unwell and lacking energy, often associated with fever.
How is bronchitis different from tracheitis?
Bronchitis extends from the trachea through to the bronchi and causes a loose, wet cough, while tracheitis is an infection in the airway but not to the same extent.
What is the impact of bronchitis on the parent and grandparent of the affected child?
The child may be well, but the parent and grandparent are often very worried.
Describe the impact of pus on the immune system.
Pus can stimulate the immune system, resulting in fever and illness.
What is the usual treatment for children with croup-like symptoms who do not improve?
They are often treated with steroids, but if they don’t get better, it may indicate bronchitis.
Explain the reason why bronchitis is not commonly found in textbooks.
It’s considered normal and common in children aged 1 to 4, so it may not be extensively covered in medical textbooks.
Describe the cycle that starts week 35 according to the content.
The cycle starts with a respiratory virus two after schools go back, which switches off theucus clearance and takes up to four weeks to get going again.
What is the duration of cough that 20% of children can be expected to have according to the speaker?
20% of children can be expected to have a cough for at least two weeks, and 10% of children will have a cough for up to four weeks.
Define the term ‘bacterial bronchitis’ as mentioned in the content.
Bacterial bronchitis, or persistent bacterial bronchitis, is characterized by a cough that ebbs and flows, and the child is hideously well.
How does the speaker criticize the public health messaging regarding cough duration?
The speaker criticizes the public health messaging for causing unnecessary worry by suggesting that a cough for three weeks should prompt a visit to the GP, without clarifying that it mainly applies to old people who smoke and might have lung cancer.
Do children typically experience a persistent cough all winter according to the content?
It is inevitable, plausible, and acceptable that some children will cough all winter, especially due to the cycle of respiratory viruses and mucus clearance.
Describe the impact of the respiratory virus cycle on children’s health according to the content.
The respiratory virus cycle can lead to children getting colds ten times a year, with one cold every 2 to 3 weeks, and can result in persistent coughing throughout the winter.
What is the speaker’s advice for clinicians regarding children’s cough duration?
The speaker advises clinicians to understand the normal range of cough duration in children, so they can provide parents and carers with meaningful expectations of what to expect.
How does the speaker describe the social acceptability of a two-year-old child’s behavior?
The speaker mentions that a two-year-old child can sit and have a poop in their pants, have a complete meltdown in front of everybody, and go around sounding like a dirty old man or Darth Vader, all of which are socially acceptable for their age.
Describe the key of bronchiol.
Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract infection in infants, typically caused by various viruses. It is characterized by symptoms such as cough, difficulty breathing, poor feeding, and low-grade fever.
What is the usual treatment approach for bronchiolitis?
The treatment for bronchiolitis typically focuses on supportive care, as antibiotics are not effective and may lead to side effects. Reassurance and managing the child’s symptoms are key.
Define bronchiolitis.
Bronchiolitis is a clinical diagnosis and a common lower respiratory tract infection in infants, often caused by viruses. It is characterized by symptoms such as cough, difficulty breathing, and poor feeding.
How does bronchiolitis affect a child’s ability to breathe and feed?
Bronchiolitis can cause difficulty in breathing and feeding in infants, as they have only one airway for both functions. This can lead to coughing, choking, and poor feeding.
Do older siblings play a role in the likelihood of a child getting bronchiolitis?
Yes, older siblings can increase the likelihood of a child getting bronchiolitis, especially if the child is born after the 1st of August and has older siblings.
Describe the typical age range for infants affected by bronchiolitis.
Infants, defined as up to and including the first birthday, are commonly affected by bronchiolitis. However, it is noted that some infants as old as 363-368 days may also experience bronchiolitis.
What distinguishes bronchiolitis from other respiratory infections?
Bronchiolitis is characterized by a wet, rattly cough, difficulty breathing, poor feeding, and a low-grade fever. Additionally, it is often caused by a variety of viruses and presents with crackles during auscultation.
How does bronchiolitis impact a child’s ability to breathe and feed?
Bronchiolitis can lead to difficulty in breathing and feeding in infants, as they have only one airway for both functions. This can result in coughing, choking, and poor feeding.
Describe the impact of bronchiolitis on a child’s respiratory system.
Bronchiolitis can cause blockage in the child’s airway, leading to difficulty in breathing and feeding. This is due to the limited space in the airway, especially when the child has a cold or respiratory infection.
Describe the typical progression of RSV infection in children.
RSV infection in children typically starts with nasal stuffiness, difficulty feeding, and difficulty breathing, followed by a period of worsening over three days before seeking medical attention. The cavalry arrives to start repairing the damage, leading to a stabilization period of two days and a recovery period lasting between seven and 14 days.
