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Upper Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscles coordinate scapula protraction (2)

A

Pectoralis major, serratus anterior

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2
Q

Which muscles coordinate scapula retraction (3)

A

Rhomboids, middle trapezius, latissimus dorsi

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3
Q

Which muscles coordinate scapula elevation (3)

A

Superior trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids

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4
Q

Which muscles coordinate scapula depression (3)

A

Inferior trapezius, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

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5
Q

Which muscles coordinate shoulder flexion (2)

A

Pectoralis major, deltoid (anterior)

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6
Q

Which muscles coordinate shoulder extension

A

Deltoid (posterior

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7
Q

Which muscles coordinate shoulder abduction (2)

A

Supraspinatus initially then the deltoid

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8
Q

Which muscles coordinate shoulder adduction (2)

A

Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi

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9
Q

Which muscles coordinate shoulder circumduction

A

Draw circles with arm, many muscles involved

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10
Q

Which muscles coordinate elbow flexion (3)

A

Biceps brachii, brachialis, pronator teres

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11
Q

Which muscles coordinate elbow extension

A

Triceps

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12
Q

Which muscles coordinate radio-ulnar pronation (2)

A

Pronator quadratus, pronator teres

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13
Q

Which muscles coordinate radio-ulnar supination (2)

A

Supinator, biceps brachii

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14
Q

Which muscles coordinate wrist flexion (6)

A

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, adbuctor pollicis longis, flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor digitorum superficialis

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15
Q

Which muscles coordinate wrist extension (7)

A

ECRL, ECRB, ECU, extensor digiti minimi, extensor digitorum, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longis

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16
Q

Which muscles coordinate wrist ulnar deviation (2)

A

ECU, FCU

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17
Q

Which muscles coordinate wrist radial deviation (5)

A

Flexor carpi radialis , ECRL, ECRB, Abductor pollicis Longis, Extensor pollicis brevis

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18
Q

Test the trapezius

A

shrug shoulders (accessory nerve)

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19
Q

Test the sternocleidomastoid

A

turn head (accessory nerve

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20
Q

Test the serratus anterior

A

push against wall – check for winging of scapula (long thoracic nerve)

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21
Q

Test the pectoral muscles

A

resist adduction (lateral pectoral nerve – brachial plexus )

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22
Q

Test the deltoid

A

resist abduction (axillary nerve – C5,6)

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23
Q

Test the supraspinatus

A

abduction against resistance – first 15 degrees

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24
Q

Test the biceps

A

Flex against resistance

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25
Q

Test the triceps

A

Extend against resistance

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26
Q

Test the pronating muscles

A

Pronate

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27
Q

Test the supinating muscles

A

Supinate

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28
Q

Test the superficial wrist flexors of the forearm

A

Flex against resistance

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29
Q

Test the flex. digitorum superficialis

A

Flex fingers

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30
Q

Test the flex. Digitorum profundus

A

Flex fingers

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31
Q

Test the extensors of the wrist and digits in the forearm

A

Extend fingers and wrist against resistance

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32
Q

Test the thenar & hypothenar muscles

A

Resistance to abduction of thumb/little finger from the plane of the palm. Touch thumb and little finger together

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33
Q

Test the interossei - dorsal

A

Abduction of fingers

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34
Q

Test the interossei - palmar

A

Adduction of fingers

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35
Q

What is the nerve supply to trapezius

A

accessory (XI)

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36
Q

What is the nerve supply to sternocleidomastoid

A

accessory (XI)

37
Q

What is the nerve supply to serratus anterior

A

long thoracic

38
Q

What is the nerve supply to pectoralis major

A

lateral pectoral nerve

39
Q

What is the nerve supply to deltoid

A

axillary (C5,6)

40
Q

What is the nerve supply to rotator cuff

A

axillary (C5,6)

41
Q

What is the nerve supply to biceps

A

musculocutaneous (C5,6,7)

42
Q

What is the nerve supply to triceps

A

radial (C6,7,8)

43
Q

What is the nerve supply to supinator muscles

A

Radial C5,6,7,8, T1

44
Q

What is the nerve supply to pronator muscles

A

Median C6,7,8, T1

45
Q

What is the nerve supply to the superficial flexors of the wrist

A

Ulnar C7,8 and Median C6, 7

46
Q

What is the nerve supply to FDS

A

median (C7,8, T1)

47
Q

What is the nerve supply to FDP

A

median (C8, T1) for 2nd and 3rd digits

ulnar (C8, T1) for 4th and 5th digits

48
Q

What is the nerve supply to extensors of wrist and digits

A

radial (C5,6,7,8 T1)

49
Q

What is the nerve supply to thenar and hypothenar muscles

A

ulnar C7,8 and median C6,7 nerves

50
Q

What is the nerve supply to dorsal interossei

A

ulnar (C7, 8)

51
Q

What is the nerve supply to palmar interossei

A

ulnar (C7,8)

52
Q

Palpate subclavian pulse

A

behind medial end of the clavicle

53
Q

Palpate brachial pulse

A

in the arm (between bicep and tricep) and in the cubital fossa

54
Q

Surface mark basilic, cephalic, median cubital veins

A

Do it, basilica more medial

55
Q

Map dermatomes: C5-T2

56
Q

What’re the motor functions of the axillary nerve (2)

A

Deltoid and teres minor

57
Q

What’re the motor functions of the musculocutaneous nerve

58
Q

What’re the motor functions of the radial nerve

A

Wrist extensors and triceps

59
Q

What’re the motor functions of the ulnar nerve (2)

A

FCU, flexors of fingers,

60
Q

What’re the sensory functions of the axillary nerve

A

Innervates skin superior lateral aspect of shoulder

61
Q

What’re the sensory functions of the musculocutaneous nerve

A

Lateral surface of forearm

62
Q

What’re the sensory functions of the radial nerve

A

Radial aspect of the dorsum of the wrist hand

63
Q

What’re the sensory functions of the ulnar nerve

A

Ulnar portion of the dorsum of the hand, and little finger

64
Q

What’re the sensory functions of the median nerve

A

thumb and index finger

65
Q

Test bicep reflex

A

Put thumb on distal biceps tendon, hit your nail with the hammer

66
Q

Test tricep reflex

A

Hit triceps tendon, support arm yourself

67
Q

Boundaries of the axilla?

A

Superiorly: posterior border of clavicle, outer border of first rib, superior border of scapula, medially: ribs 1-4 and serratus anterior, inferiorly by skin, laterally by the intertubercular sulcus/groove of humerus, anteriorly by the 2 pecs and pteres major, posteriorly by the scapula/lat/pteres major

68
Q

Boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A

Superiorly: line between epicondyles of the humerus, medially: lateral border of pronator teres, laterally: medial border of the corachobrachialis

69
Q

Boundaries of the snuffbox?

A

EPL, EPB, APL

70
Q

Contents of the snuffbox?

A

Scaphoid and radial artery

71
Q

Bones of the wrist

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

72
Q

Test the infraspinatus

A

external rotation against resistance

73
Q

Test the teres minor

A

external rotation against resistance

74
Q

Test the subscapularis

A

internal rotation against resistance

75
Q

Test the rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus (abduction against resistance – first 15 degrees), infraspinatus (external rotation against resistance), teres minor (external rotation against resistance), subscapularis (internal rotation against resistance).

76
Q

C4

77
Q

C5

A

Lateral side of arm

78
Q

C6

A

lateral side of the forearm and thumb

79
Q

C7

A

middle and ring finger

80
Q

C8

A

Medial side of hand, forearm, little finger

81
Q

T1

A

Medial side of upper forearm and arm

82
Q

T2

83
Q

which nerve is vulnerable to damage at the elbow

84
Q

What is pathology of the median nerve

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

85
Q

Which nerve pathology causes carpal tunnel syndrome

86
Q

what is the roof of the carpal tunnel

A

flexor retinaculum

87
Q

How to spot the position of the flexor retinaculum

A

Proximal end is at the distal wrist crease

88
Q

Which FDS or FDP fuses at the distal / proximal metacarpal

A

Profundus proximal, superficialis distal

OSPE (7 decks)

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