Lower limbs 2 Flashcards
Hip joint Flexion
bring leg towards chest
Hip joint extension
move leg backwards
Hip joint abduction
move leg laterally
Hip joint adduction
move leg medially
Hip joint circumduction
combination of flexion/extension and abduction/adduction so moves in circle
Knee joint flexion
move lower leg backward
Knee joint extension
straighten lower leg
Knee joint rotation
limited, slight medial (10 degrees) and lateral (30-40 degrees) rotation. Controlled by the cruciate ligaments
Ankle joint dorsiflexion
move foot upwards
Ankle joint plantar flexion
move foot downwards/heels up if standing on toes
Talo-calcaneo-navicular joints inversion
move foot inwards and up – sole of foot faces medially
Talo-calcaneo-navicular joints eversion
move foot outwards and down – sole of foot faces laterally.
what’re the gluteal muscles (4)
Gluteus medius. minimum, maximum, tensor fascia lata
Test the gluteus medium
lie on side with lower limb fully extended. Abduct limb against resistance at distal end of thigh. Palpate contraction of gluteus medius just inferior to iliac crest. (nerve = superior gluteal L5, S1)
Trendelenberg test
tests integrity of abductors at hip joint. Stand on both legs, both right and left side of pelvis should remain at the same level. Examiner stand behind and feel the pelvis. Ask subject to raise one leg. Pelvis should remain horizontal. If pelvis on raised leg side drops down, test is positive – loss/weakness of motor function of abductor muscles (gluteus medius and minimus) in supporting leg.
