Upper limbs

Question 1

Clavicle

Answer 1

S-shaped bone

Site of acromioclavicular joint - lateral connection between clavicle and acromion process of the scapula.

Medially with sternum to form sternoclavicular joint

Sternal end and Acromial end
Articular facet for sternum-Site of sternoclavicular joint
Articular facet for acromion-Site of acromioclavicular joint

Impression for costoclavicular ligament
Conoid tubercle
Trapezoid line

Bony features (from Sternal end to acromial end):

Impression for costoclavicular ligament - connects clavicle to first rib (found on inferior surface

subclavian groove - found on inferior surface

Conoid tubercle - rough eminence
where the flat body of the clavicle meets the bulkier acromial end (attachment of conoid ligament)

Trapezoid line -Trapezoid ligament attached here

Question 2

Scapula

Answer 2

superior and inferior angles medially (corners of scapula.

Lateral angle= Glenoid process
lateral border,medial border and superior border

Bony features
Anterior:
- Anterior surface is dominated by a large depression called Subscapular fossa / costal surface.
- Coracoid process - hook shape off anterior surface of scapula

Posterior:
- Spine of scapula
- Supraspinous fossa- region above spine of scapula
- Infraspinous fossa - region below spine of scapula.
- Acromion - top of spine of scapula. Articulates with clavicle to form acromioclavicular joint

-Glenoid fossa - articulates with head of humerus to form glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint) ball and socket joint.
-Supraglenoid tubercle - located just superior
to the glenoid cavity
- Infraglenoid tubercle - below glenoid fossa.

Acromion
3 Scapular notch
4 Glenoid cavity
5 Infraglenoid tubercle
9 Articular facet for acromion
10 Neck
11 Supraglenoid tubercle
13 Base of coracoid process

Question 3

Head of Humerus

Answer 3

Proximal end

• Head of humerus - articulates with Glenoid fossa to form glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint) ball and socket joint.
• Anatomical neck
• Surgical neck
• Greater tubercle
• Lesser tubercle
• Intertubercular sulcus (crest of greater tubercle, crest of lesser tubercle)

Question 4

Body of Humerus

Answer 4

Surfaces: Anteromedial, anterolateral, posterior

Borders: Anterior, lateral, posterior

Deltoid tuberosity- lateral part of shaft

Landmarks: Lateral supracondylar ridge, medial supracondylar ridge, radial groove, supracondylar process

radial groove on posterior from the head of humerus down around lateral border.

Question 5

Distal end of Humerus

Answer 5

Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle (groove for ulnar nerve)
Condyle of humerus: Capitulum, trochlea, olecranon fossa, coronoid fossa, radial fossa

capitulum (lateral) articulates with head of radius
trochlea (medial) articulates with head of ulna

Question 6

Radius

Answer 6

Radius
1 Head - has a concave or cupped proximal articular
surface which articulates with the capitulum
2 Articular circumference
3 Neck
4 Radial tuberosity

5 Shaft
anterior margin of radius/oblique line
Interosseus border

6 Anterior surface
7 Styloid process
8 Articular surface
9 Posterior surface
Dorsal tubercle- follow posterior margin distally until prominence.
10 Ulnar notch

Question 7

Ulna

Answer 7

11 Trochlear notch
12 Coronoid process
13 Radial notch
14 Ulnar tuberosity
15 Head
16 Articular circumference
17 Styloid process
18 Posterior surface
19 Olecranon