Lower limbs Flashcards
Proximal part of Femur
Femur is longest and strongest bone in the body
Head of femur (caput femoris) is smooth, ball shaped structure
Main features:
-Head of femur (caput femoris)
-Neck of femur (collum femoris)
-Greater trochanter (trochanter major)
-Lesser trochanter (trochanter minor)
- Articulates with lunate surface of Acetabulum of the hip bone
Foms acetabulofemoral joint
Head of femur is smooth and coated in hyaline cartilage except the fovea capitis femoris which is attachemnt site for ligament for head of femur
The lesser trochanter is a
conical eminence of variable size projecting from the superomedial surface of the upper
extremity of the femur
intertrochanteric line somewhat connects greater and lesser trochantra
the greater trochanter,
and the greater trochanter is a large palpable prominence on the superolateral aspect of
the upper extremity of the femur,
Trochanteric fossa of femur
Shaft of the femur
Three notable surface features
of the shaft of the femur
-Pectineal line
which is a medially situated
ridge that curves inferiorly from the lesser trochanter
-the gluteal tuberosity which
is a laterally situated ledge that courses inferiorly along the superoposterior surface
of the shaft
- LInea aspera formed from the pectineal line and the gluteal tuberosity converging to form a prominent longitudinal ridge on the posterior aspect of the femur
shaft of the femur descends at a 7 degree angle medially
Lower extremity of the femur
Articulates with the tibia and patella forming the tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint.
contains two condyles:
-Medial condyle
-Lateral condyle
Posteriorly there is a deep smooth notch separating the two condyles called an intercondylar fossa
Anteriorly, the condyles are more prominent and separated by patellar surface.
The medial condyle of the femur
articulates with the articular surface of the medial condyle of the tibia while the Lateral condyle of the femur articulates with the articular surface of the lateral condyle of the tibia.
Condyles covered in thick layer of hyaline cartilage to help with movement.
superior to the condyles are bony prominences the medial epicondyle and the lateral epicondyle
intercondylar fossa of femur between lateral and medial condyle.
lateral and medial supercondular line of femur from lateral and medial condyles extending upwards proximally
Tibia
Shin bone
Second strongest bone in the body
Weight bearing
Proximal end:
Medial and lateral condyle - two bumps on either side of proximal end
Tibial plateau on the flat top of the tibia
Intercondylar emminence between the medial and lateral condyles on the flat top of tibia.
Condyles articulate with femoral condyles.
Tibial tuberosity - bump near top of knee
Proximal end of Tibia
Shin bone
Second strongest bone in the body
Weight bearing
Proximal end:
Medial and lateral condyle - two bumps on either side of proximal end
Tibial plateau on the flat top of the tibia
Intercondylar emminence between the medial and lateral condyles on the flat top of tibia.
Condyles articulate with femoral condyles.
Tibial tuberosity - bump near top of knee
Body of Tibia
3 borders:
-Anterior border
-Medial border
-Interosseus border - connects to interosseus membrane which connects tibia and fibula.
3 surfaces:
-Medial surface - between anterior and medial borders.
-Lateral surface - between the
anterior border and the interosseous border
-Posterior surface - between medial and interosseus borders.
The soleal line (posterior surface)
Distal end of Tibia
Medial malleolus - ankle
Fibular notch of tibia is articulation point for tibia and fibula to form the distal tibiofibular joint.
Fibula
Head of the fibula
articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia
Neck of fibula connects head to shaft/body of fibula.
Top of fibula - Apex (styloid process)
- Anterior border
- interrosseus border
- posterior border
Lateral melleolus forms upper part of ankle with medial melliolus of tibia.
Hindfoot - Talus
Talus:
Medially and superiorly, it articulates with
the tibia and, laterally, with the fibula
Articular surfaces of the talus:
-Trochlea (superior surface-articulates with mellioli)
-anterior,posterior and middle calcaneal articular surface (on body of talus)
-navicular articular surface
Talocrural joint:
- Talus ↔ tibia/ fibula (a.k.a. ankle joint
- Subtalar joint: Talus ↔ calcaneus
Talus articulates distally to navicular to form talonavicular joint
Hindfoot - Calcaneus
Heel bone
Calcaneocuboid joint
Subtalar joint: Talus ↔ calcaneus
anterior,posterior and middle talar articular surface (on Calcaneus all articulate with talus)
Calcaneal tuberosity - This large bony mass is at the most posterior
part of the foot and forms the bulk of your heel
Forefoot
