upper limb structures

Question 1

What defines the triangular space?

Answer 1

Teres minor (superior), Teres major (inferior) and long head of triceps (laterally)

Question 2

what defines the quadrangular space?

Answer 2

Superior: teres minor infrerior: teres major Medially: long head of triceps laterally: surgical neck of humerus

Question 3

what defines the triangular interval?

Answer 3

Teres major (superior) long head of triceps (medially) humerus/lateral head of triceps (laterally)

Question 4

what does thee triangular interval contain?

Answer 4

1.The radial nerve goes from anterior side to posterior through this interval 2.Profunda brachii goes from anterior to posterior side through this interval

Question 5

what does the quadrangular space contain?

Answer 5

The axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 6

what does the triangular space contain?

Answer 6

The circumflex scapular artery and vein pass through this gap

Question 7

העורק האקסילרי מחולק לשלושה חלקים. איך מוגדר כל חלק? איזה סעיפים כל חלק נותן?

Answer 7

החלוקה היא לפי ה pectoralis minor. החלק הראשון הוא בין הצלע הראשונה לחלק העליון של pectoralis minor. נותן סעיף אחד בשם superior thoracic. החלק השני נמצא מתחת לpectoralis minor ונותן שני סעיפים thoracoacromial וlateral thoracic artery. החלק השלישי נמצא בין החלק התחתון של pectoralis minor ועד הגבול העליון של ה teres major. הוא נותן שלושה סעיפים anterior and posterior circumflex humreral artery, subscapular artery. לאחר שהעורק האקסילרי חוצה את שריר ה teres major הוא משנה את שמו ל brachial artery שממנו יוצא סעיף בשם deep artery of the arm (profunda brachii) שמספק דם לחלק האחורי של הזרוע

Question 8

what goes through the radial groove in the humerus?

Answer 8

Tha radial nerve

Question 9

what goes through the suprascapular notch (suprascapular foramen)?

Answer 9

The suprascapular nerve passes through the suprascapular foramen; the suprascapular artery and the suprascapular vein follow the same course as the nerve, but normally pass immediately superior to the superior transverse scapular ligament and not through the foramen.

Question 10

what goes through the intertubercular sulcus/groove?

Answer 10

The intertubercular sulcus, also known as the intertubercular groove, or bicipital groove, is a groove separating the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus. The tendon of the long head of the biceps muscle runs in this groove and attaches on the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Question 11

What roots does the brachial plexus contain?

Answer 11

C5,C6,C7,C8,T1

Question 12

What trunks does the brachial plexus contain? What devisions are they divided to?

Answer 12

Superior, Middle, Inferior, each trunk is divided to an anterior and posterior divisions.

Question 13

What cords does the brachial plexus contain? What devisions are derived from?

Answer 13

There’s a lateral posterior and Medial cords. The posterior cord is derived from all the posterior divisions of the trunk. The lateral Cord is derived from the superior’s and middle’s anterior divisions and the medial cord is derived from the anterior division of the inferior trunk.

Question 14

What are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus? Whar are they derived from?

Answer 14

Musculocutaneous – derived from the lateral cord. C5,C6

Axillary nerve – derived from the posterior cord. C5,C6

Radial nerve - derived from the posterior cord. C5,C6,C7,C8,T1

Median nerve – derived from the lateral and medial cords. C5,C6,C7,C8,T1

Ulnar nerve – derived from the medial cord. C8,T1

Question 15

what are the muscles innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve? whats his primary actions?

Answer 15

He innervates all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm. His primary actions are elbow flexion and supination (biceps brachii)

Question 16

what are the muscles innervated by the Median nerve? whats his primary actions?

Answer 16

The median nerve innervates:

Forearm – Anterior compartment except 1.5 muscles by ulnar nerve (Flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus).

Hand – Thenar compartment, Central Compartment – Lumbricals 2 and 3.

His primary actions in the forearm are flexion of wrist and all digits

pronation. His primary actions in the hand are Opposition of thumb, Flexion of metacarpophalangeal (MP) and extension of interphalangeal joints of digits 2 and 3

Question 17

what are the muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve? whats his primary actions?

Answer 17

The ulnar nerve innervates:

Forearm – the 1.5 muscles that are not innervated by the median nerve - Flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus.

Hand – Hypothenar compartment, Central compartment – interossei muscles: palmar and dorsal, Lumbricals 4 and 5, adductor pollicis.

His primary actions in the forearm is a weak wrist flexion and flexion of digits 4 and 5. In the hand -

dorsal – Abduct digits 2-5 (Dorsal interosseous muscles Abduct)

Palmar – Adduct digits 2-5 (Palmar interosseous muscles Adduct)

Assist lubricals in metacarpophalangeal (MP) flexion and Interphalangeal (IP) extension digits 2-5

pollicis – Adduct the thumb.

Question 18

what are the muscles innervated by the Axillary nerve? whats his primary actions?

Answer 18

It innervates Deltoid and teres minor muscles. His primary action is abduction of the shoulder 15-110 degrees and lateral rotation of the shoulder.

Question 19

what are the muscles innervated by the Radial nerve? whats his primary actions?

Answer 19

In innervates the posterior compartment muscles of the arm and forearm. His primary actions are extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint, Extension of the wrist and elbow supination (supinator muscle).

Question 20

what is the carpal tunnel?

Answer 20

תעלה הנוצרת במשטח הפלמרי של כף היד ע”י ה-

flexor retinaculum

שמהווה את גג התעלה

Question 21

what goes through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 21

Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons

Flexor digitorum profundus tendons

Median nerve

Flexor pollicis longus tendon

Question 22

what is the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 22

איזור הממוקם באיזור האגודל במשטח הדורסלי של כף היד. הוא תחום ע”י גידים של 3 שרירים.

· Abductor pollicis longus

· Extensor pollicis brevis

· Extensor pollicis longus

Question 23

what goes through the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 23

deep to the tendons goes the radial artery

superficial to the tendons goes the radial nerve

Question 24

מה מאפיין את השרירים האינטרנזים של כף היד?

Answer 24

מדובר בשרירים שהאוריג’ין והאינסרששן שלהם נמצאים בכף היד

Question 25

what are the thenar muscles?

Answer 25

Abductor pollicis brevis m., flexor pollicis brevis m., opponens pollicis muscle

Question 26

what are the hypothenar muscles?

Answer 26

abductor digiti minimi brevis m., flexor digiti minimi m., opponens digiti minimi m

Question 27

what are the central compartment muscles?

Answer 27

the lumbrical muscles

Question 28

מהו העצבוב המוטורי לשרירי כף היד?

Answer 28

they are all innervated by the ulnar nerve except the two lateral lumbricals and the thenar muscles which are innervated by the median nerve

Question 29

מהו העצבוב הסנסורי של כף היד?

Answer 29

במשטח הפלמרי – 3.5 אצבעות לטרליות (כלומר אצבעות 1,2,3 וחצי לטרלי של אצבע 4) מעוצבבות ע”י median n.. 1.5 אצבעות מדיאליות מעוצבבות ע”י ulnar n..

· במשטח הדורסלי – 3.5 אצבעות לטרליות מעוצבבות ע”י radial n., אך איזור קצות האצבעות שלהן מעוצבב ע”י ה-median n.. 1.5 אצבעות מדיאליות מעוצבבות ע”י Ulnar n.

palmar surface: 3.5 lateral fingers innervated by the median nerve. 1.5 medial fingers innervated by the ulnar nerve.

dorsal surface: 3.5 lateral fingers innervated by the radial nerve, with their tips innervated by the median nerve. 1.5 medisl fingers innervated by the ulnar nerve.

Question 30

מי מספק דם לכף היד?

Answer 30

radial and ulnar arteries

Question 31

מי תורם יותר ל

deep palmar arch?

מי תורם יותר ל

superficial palmar arch?

Answer 31

to deep palmar arch - radial artery

to superficial palmar arch - ulnar artery

Question 32

מהו המהלך המיוחד של ה

radial artery?

באיזור כף היד

Answer 32

כשהוא מגיע לאיזור שורש כף היד הוא נותן תרומה ל-

superficial palmar arch

מסתובב למשטח הדורסלי של כף היד, עובר ב-

snuff box,

חודר את שריר ה-

dorsal interossei

הראשון אל המשטח הפלמרי של כף היד שם הוא יוצר את ה-

deep palmar arch.

Question 33

מי תוחם את שקע המרפק?

cubital fosssa?

Answer 33

medially- pronator teres

lateraly- brachioradialis

floor - brachialis

Question 34

what goes through the cubital fossa?

Answer 34

MRBB

Median nerve

Radial nerve

Brachial artery

Biceps tendon

Question 35

מי מספק דם לחלק הקדמי של האמה?

Answer 35

radial artery and ulnar artery

Question 36

who is the main flexor of the arm?

Answer 36

• The brachialis is the main flexor of the forearm.
• It is the only pure flexor, producing the greatest amount of flexion force.
• Unlike the biceps, the brachialis flexes the forearm in all positions, being unaffected by pronation or supination.