upper limb structures Flashcards
What defines the triangular space?
Teres minor (superior), Teres major (inferior) and long head of triceps (laterally)
what defines the quadrangular space?
Superior: teres minor infrerior: teres major Medially: long head of triceps laterally: surgical neck of humerus
what defines the triangular interval?
Teres major (superior) long head of triceps (medially) humerus/lateral head of triceps (laterally)
what does thee triangular interval contain?
1.The radial nerve goes from anterior side to posterior through this interval 2.Profunda brachii goes from anterior to posterior side through this interval
what does the quadrangular space contain?
The axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery
what does the triangular space contain?
The circumflex scapular artery and vein pass through this gap
העורק האקסילרי מחולק לשלושה חלקים. איך מוגדר כל חלק? איזה סעיפים כל חלק נותן?
החלוקה היא לפי ה pectoralis minor. החלק הראשון הוא בין הצלע הראשונה לחלק העליון של pectoralis minor. נותן סעיף אחד בשם superior thoracic. החלק השני נמצא מתחת לpectoralis minor ונותן שני סעיפים thoracoacromial וlateral thoracic artery. החלק השלישי נמצא בין החלק התחתון של pectoralis minor ועד הגבול העליון של ה teres major. הוא נותן שלושה סעיפים anterior and posterior circumflex humreral artery, subscapular artery. לאחר שהעורק האקסילרי חוצה את שריר ה teres major הוא משנה את שמו ל brachial artery שממנו יוצא סעיף בשם deep artery of the arm (profunda brachii) שמספק דם לחלק האחורי של הזרוע
what goes through the radial groove in the humerus?
Tha radial nerve
what goes through the suprascapular notch (suprascapular foramen)?
The suprascapular nerve passes through the suprascapular foramen; the suprascapular artery and the suprascapular vein follow the same course as the nerve, but normally pass immediately superior to the superior transverse scapular ligament and not through the foramen.
what goes through the intertubercular sulcus/groove?
The intertubercular sulcus, also known as the intertubercular groove, or bicipital groove, is a groove separating the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus. The tendon of the long head of the biceps muscle runs in this groove and attaches on the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
What roots does the brachial plexus contain?
C5,C6,C7,C8,T1
What trunks does the brachial plexus contain? What devisions are they divided to?
Superior, Middle, Inferior, each trunk is divided to an anterior and posterior divisions.
What cords does the brachial plexus contain? What devisions are derived from?
There’s a lateral posterior and Medial cords. The posterior cord is derived from all the posterior divisions of the trunk. The lateral Cord is derived from the superior’s and middle’s anterior divisions and the medial cord is derived from the anterior division of the inferior trunk.
What are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus? Whar are they derived from?
Musculocutaneous – derived from the lateral cord. C5,C6
Axillary nerve – derived from the posterior cord. C5,C6
Radial nerve - derived from the posterior cord. C5,C6,C7,C8,T1
Median nerve – derived from the lateral and medial cords. C5,C6,C7,C8,T1
Ulnar nerve – derived from the medial cord. C8,T1
what are the muscles innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve? whats his primary actions?
He innervates all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm. His primary actions are elbow flexion and supination (biceps brachii)
what are the muscles innervated by the Median nerve? whats his primary actions?
The median nerve innervates:
Forearm – Anterior compartment except 1.5 muscles by ulnar nerve (Flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus).
Hand – Thenar compartment, Central Compartment – Lumbricals 2 and 3.
His primary actions in the forearm are flexion of wrist and all digits
pronation. His primary actions in the hand are Opposition of thumb, Flexion of metacarpophalangeal (MP) and extension of interphalangeal joints of digits 2 and 3
what are the muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve? whats his primary actions?
The ulnar nerve innervates:
Forearm – the 1.5 muscles that are not innervated by the median nerve - Flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus.
Hand – Hypothenar compartment, Central compartment – interossei muscles: palmar and dorsal, Lumbricals 4 and 5, adductor pollicis.
His primary actions in the forearm is a weak wrist flexion and flexion of digits 4 and 5. In the hand -
dorsal – Abduct digits 2-5 (Dorsal interosseous muscles Abduct)
Palmar – Adduct digits 2-5 (Palmar interosseous muscles Adduct)
Assist lubricals in metacarpophalangeal (MP) flexion and Interphalangeal (IP) extension digits 2-5
pollicis – Adduct the thumb.
what are the muscles innervated by the Axillary nerve? whats his primary actions?
It innervates Deltoid and teres minor muscles. His primary action is abduction of the shoulder 15-110 degrees and lateral rotation of the shoulder.
what are the muscles innervated by the Radial nerve? whats his primary actions?
In innervates the posterior compartment muscles of the arm and forearm. His primary actions are extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint, Extension of the wrist and elbow supination (supinator muscle).
what is the carpal tunnel?
תעלה הנוצרת במשטח הפלמרי של כף היד ע”י ה-
flexor retinaculum
שמהווה את גג התעלה
what goes through the carpal tunnel?
Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
Flexor digitorum profundus tendons
Median nerve
Flexor pollicis longus tendon
what is the anatomical snuffbox?
איזור הממוקם באיזור האגודל במשטח הדורסלי של כף היד. הוא תחום ע”י גידים של 3 שרירים.
· Abductor pollicis longus
· Extensor pollicis brevis
· Extensor pollicis longus
what goes through the anatomical snuffbox?
deep to the tendons goes the radial artery
superficial to the tendons goes the radial nerve
מה מאפיין את השרירים האינטרנזים של כף היד?
מדובר בשרירים שהאוריג’ין והאינסרששן שלהם נמצאים בכף היד
what are the thenar muscles?
Abductor pollicis brevis m., flexor pollicis brevis m., opponens pollicis muscle
what are the hypothenar muscles?
abductor digiti minimi brevis m., flexor digiti minimi m., opponens digiti minimi m
what are the central compartment muscles?
the lumbrical muscles
מהו העצבוב המוטורי לשרירי כף היד?
they are all innervated by the ulnar nerve except the two lateral lumbricals and the thenar muscles which are innervated by the median nerve
מהו העצבוב הסנסורי של כף היד?
במשטח הפלמרי – 3.5 אצבעות לטרליות (כלומר אצבעות 1,2,3 וחצי לטרלי של אצבע 4) מעוצבבות ע”י median n.. 1.5 אצבעות מדיאליות מעוצבבות ע”י ulnar n..
· במשטח הדורסלי – 3.5 אצבעות לטרליות מעוצבבות ע”י radial n., אך איזור קצות האצבעות שלהן מעוצבב ע”י ה-median n.. 1.5 אצבעות מדיאליות מעוצבבות ע”י Ulnar n.
palmar surface: 3.5 lateral fingers innervated by the median nerve. 1.5 medial fingers innervated by the ulnar nerve.
dorsal surface: 3.5 lateral fingers innervated by the radial nerve, with their tips innervated by the median nerve. 1.5 medisl fingers innervated by the ulnar nerve.
מי מספק דם לכף היד?
radial and ulnar arteries
מי תורם יותר ל
deep palmar arch?
מי תורם יותר ל
superficial palmar arch?
to deep palmar arch - radial artery
to superficial palmar arch - ulnar artery
מהו המהלך המיוחד של ה
radial artery?
באיזור כף היד
כשהוא מגיע לאיזור שורש כף היד הוא נותן תרומה ל-
superficial palmar arch
מסתובב למשטח הדורסלי של כף היד, עובר ב-
snuff box,
חודר את שריר ה-
dorsal interossei
הראשון אל המשטח הפלמרי של כף היד שם הוא יוצר את ה-
deep palmar arch.
מי תוחם את שקע המרפק?
cubital fosssa?
medially- pronator teres
lateraly- brachioradialis
floor - brachialis
what goes through the cubital fossa?
MRBB
Median nerve
Radial nerve
Brachial artery
Biceps tendon
מי מספק דם לחלק הקדמי של האמה?
radial artery and ulnar artery
who is the main flexor of the arm?
- The brachialis is the main flexor of the forearm.
- It is the only pure flexor, producing the greatest amount of flexion force.
- Unlike the biceps, the brachialis flexes the forearm in all positions, being unaffected by pronation or supination.
