Upper Limb Nerve Injuries Flashcards
Fracture surgical head of humerus
Axillary nerve
Fracture mid shaft humerus
Radial nerve
Fracture distal humerus
Median nerve
Fracture medial epicondyle humerus
Ulnar nerve
Injury to lateral chest wall causing winging of scapula
Long thoracic nerce
Ipsilateral weakness of shoulder elevation
Accessory CN XI nerve
Injury/surgery to posterior wall of axilla, Unable to raise the trunk with the upper limb, unable to use crutches
Thoracodorsal nerve
Scapula located farther than usual from the midline on the ipsilateral side
Dorsal Scapular nerve
Dislocation of glenohumeral joint or compresison from incorrect use of crutches
axillary nerve
waiters tip position, medial rotation arm, extended elbow, adducted shoulder
Superior brachial plexus injury, C5, C6
Superior brachial plexus injury - which muscles are affected
Muscles supplies by C5, C6, deltoid, biceps, brachialis, brachioradialis
Klumpe paralysis, which nerves affected?
inferior brachial plexus injury, C8, T1
Claw hand deformity, Caused by? and what muscles?
Inferior brachial plexus injury, C8, T1 - short muscles of the hand affected.
Injury to radial nerve high in arm - what muscles affected? what clinic signs?
Injury above the origin of its braches to triceps will result in paralysis of triceps - brachioradialis, supinator, and extensors of wrist and fingers. Clinically results in wrist drop.
Injury to radial nerve in the radial groove. What muscles affected?
Posterior forearm muscles - triceps may be weakened because medial head affected but not long or lateral heads
Injury in knife fight to the axilla - weakness of elbow flexion and supination and loss of sensation over the lateral surface of the forearm. What nerve and muscles involved?
Musculocutaneous nerve. Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis. consequently lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm also affected.
Pronator syndrome - pain and tenderness in proximal aspect forarm
Median nerve compression near the elbow as it passes between the two heads of pronator teres.
unable to flex PIPJ 1-3 MC. weakness to flexion of PIPJ 4-5 MC. loss of Flexion DIPJ 2-3 MC "hand of benediction" sign Loss of thenar muscle function at base of thumb.
Median nerve injury at elbow. Supplies FDP, FDS, 1st and 2nd lumbricals
Injury to posterior medial epicondyle humerus. Numbness medial aspect of palm and 1.5 digits and “claw hand” deformity
ulnar nerve injury
Inability to extend thumb or MCP joints. No Sensory loss
Injury to deep branch of radial nerve in forearm
loss of sensation of lateral 3.5 digits. Poor thumb coordination due to weakness of APB and opponens pollicis
compression of median nerve in carpal tunnel
Anterior wrist laceration. Loss of thumb opposition and fine control of 2nd, 3rd digits. Loss of sensation in these areas also
Median nerve injury
Minor laceration to thenar eminence. Loss of ability to oppose thumb - “Ape hand” deformity.
Recurrent branch of median nerve supplying the thenar muscles
hypothesia in the medial 1.5 fingers. Weakness of intrinsic muscles. “clawing” of 4th and 5th digits.
Guyon Tunnel Syndrome - compression of ulnar nerve at the wrist as it passes between the pisiform and the hook of the hamate.
Sensory loss medial side of hand after sustained pressure over palm of hand following a long distance bike ride.
Handlebar neuropathy - compression of ulnar nerve by hook of hamate
Inability to extend the MCPJs, Inability to extend the wrist - held in flexed position. Small area of anaesthesia over dorsum of lateral hand
Radial nerve injury
