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Stage 2: Trauma & Accidents > Upper Limb Injuries > Flashcards

Upper Limb Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Monteggia fracture?

A

Fracture of the proximal third of the ulna (angulated dorsally) with anterior dislocation of the proximal head of the radius

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2
Q

What is a Galeazzi fracture?

A

Fracture of the distal third of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint (shortening of distal ulna)

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3
Q

What is a posterior fat pad sign pathognomonic of?

A

Elbow fracture

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4
Q

What is a Colles’ fracture?

A

Fracture of distal radius with dorsal angulation and impaction (posterior displacement) of distal fragment

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5
Q

What is a Smith’s fracture?

A

Fracture of distal radius with volar angulation of the distal fracture fragments

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6
Q

What is the associated nerve injury for Colles’ and Smith’s fractures?

A

Median nerve injury

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7
Q

With what type of fracture is a dinner fork deformity associated with?

A

Colles’ fracture

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8
Q

What is the MOI of a Colles’ fracture?

A

Extension fracture of the radius (FOOSH)

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9
Q

What is the MOI of a Smith’s fracture?

A

Flexion fracture of the radius

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10
Q

What are the two MOIs of a Monteggia fracture?

A
  • FOOSH with forearm in excessive pronation
  • Direct blow on back of upper forearm
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11
Q

What is the MOI of a Galeazzi fracture?

A

FOOSH with elbow flexed

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12
Q

What are the two MOI of elbow fractures?

A
  • FOOSH
  • Fall on flexed elbow
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13
Q

What is the typical elbow fracture in children?

A

Medial condyle

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14
Q

What nerve injury is typically associated with elbow fracture?

A

Ulnar nerve

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15
Q

What sign indicates ulnar nerve palsy?

A

Froment’s sign (reduced pinch grip)

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16
Q

What type of elbow dislocation is more common?

A

Posterior

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17
Q

What is the MOI of posterior elbow dislocations?

A

FOOSH

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18
Q

What is the MOI of anterior elbow dislocations?

A

Fall on flexed elbow

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19
Q

What vascular structure is injured in elbow dislocations?

A

Brachial artery

20
Q

What nerves are injured in elbow dislocations?

A

Ulnar, median and radial nerve

21
Q

What is the MOI of humeral shaft fracture?

A
  • Direct trauma (most common)
  • FOOS arm or elbow
22
Q

How will the arm look in a humeral shaft fracture?

23
Q

What nerve injury is common in humeral shaft fractures?

A

Radial nerve injury (common in distal ⅓)

24
Q

What indicates radial nerve injury?

A

Wrist drop

25
What is the MOI of a fracture of surgical neck of humerus in the elderly?
FOOSH
26
What is the MOI of a fracture of surgical neck of humerus in the young?
Trauma e.g. RTC
27
What type of pain may be dominant in fracture of surgical neck of humerus?
Elbow pain
28
What classification is used for fracture of surgical neck of humerus?
Neer classification
29
Why do you want early mobilisation in fracture of surgical neck of humerus?
To avoid adhesive capsulitis
30
What are 3 MOIs of posterior shoulder/humeral head dislocation?
- Epileptic seizure - Electric shock - Lightening strike
31
What does the arm look like in anterior shoulder dislocation?
- Abducted + externally rotated - "squaring" (acromion prominent) elbow flexed
32
What does the arm look like in posterior shoulder dislocation?
Adducted + internally rotated
33
What is the patient unable to do in posterior shoulder dislocation?
Externally rotate
34
What method of MUA is used to treat shoulder dislocations?
Kocher's (shoulder reduction)
35
What 3 x ray views do you do for a shoulder dislocation?
- AP - Lateral - Scapular Y view
36
How do you manage a shoulder dislocation?
BAS and C&C
37
What are complications of shoulder dislocations?
- Bankart lesion - Hill-Sachs lesion - Rotator cuff tear - Axillary nerve injury - Axillary artery injury
38
What is the MOI of anterior shoulder dislocations?
Direct trauma to abducted and externally rotated arm
39
What is the MOI of posterior shoulder dislocations?
Anterior force + axial loading
40
What is the MOI of inferior shoulder dislocations (luxatio erecta)?
Hyperabduction/axial loading of adducted internally rotated arm
41
What type of shoulder dislocation is most common?
Anterior
42
What is the typical presentation of scaphoid fracture?
FOOSH + anatomical snuffbox pain
43
What is the first sign of AVN in a scaphoid fracture?
Slight sclerosis on XR (most commonly involves proximal portion as arterial supply to scaphoid enters distally)
44
What is a Boxer fracture?
Fracture of 5th metacarpal neck
45
What is the MOI of fracture of 5th metacarpal neck?
Impaction injury (e.g. punching someone)
46
How does a Boxer fracture present?
Pain over fracture site, swelling

Stage 2: Trauma & Accidents (5 decks)

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