Upper limb COPY

Question 1

Elbow Joint

Answer 1

Hinge synovial joint (COMPOUND - 3 JOINTS)
1.
trochlea w/ trochlear notch of ulna,
capitulum w/ radial head
circumference of radial head with radial notch of ulna
coronoid fossa with coronoid process of ulna
olecranon fossa w/ olecranon of ulna
2. Capsule -
Fibrous - extends from coronoid, radial and olecranon fossa to epicondyles of humerus
Sacciform recess = extension of capsule to neck of radius
Synovial membrane -
Fatty tissue in coronoid and olecranon fossa
Bursa - subcutaneous (olecranon), intratendinous, subtendinous
3. Ulnar collateral lig, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament of head of radius holding in place to ulna
4. Movement
flexion - 140, extension - 20 (limit by olecranon), rotation with distal radioulnar joint (90)

Syndesmosis
Interosseus membrane and chorda obliqua

Question 2

Distal radioulnar joint

Answer 2

1.
Ulnar notch of radius w/ articular circumfrerence of head of ulna
Fibrocartilage articular disc ( bind radius and ulna and seperate distal radioulnar joint from wrist joint)
2.
Capsula articularis w/ cavity
Sacciform recess - extension of cavity to between ulnar and carpal bones
3.
Palmar and dorsal radioulnar ligament
4.
supinatio/pronatio

Question 3

Radiocarpal Joint (ulna not take part)

Answer 3

Ellisoid Synovial joint
1.
Articular surface of rasius, Articular disc
Scaphois, lunate, triquetram (prox row - pisiform) and interosseus intercarpal ligament
2. loose articular capsule w/ cavity
3.
Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligament
Palmar radiocarpal (stabilise and ensure hand follows in pronation and supination)
Ulnar collateral – styloid to the triquetrum and pisiform.
Radial collateral – styloid process to the scaphoid and trapezium.
4. Flex, extension, abb, add

Question 4

ARTICULATIO MEDIOCARPALIS

Answer 4


1.Facies articularis
Os scaphoideum; lunatum; triquetrum
Os trapezium; trapesoideum; capitatum; hamatum; 
Interosseus intercarpal ligaments
2.Capsula articularis
3.Ligg.
Palmar and Dorsal intercarpal lig
Radiate carpal ligament
4.Movement (supports the action of 
ARTICULATIO RADIOCARPALIS)

Question 5

Articulatio carpometacarpalis pollicis

ARTICULATIO OSSIS PISIFORMIS

Answer 5

ARTICULATIO OSSIS PISIFORMIS
Ligg.
Lig. pisohamatum
Lig. pisometacarpale

Articulatio carpometacarpalis pollicis
1.Facies articularis
Os trapezium
Basis osis metacarpalis I
2.Capsula articularis-loose 
4.Movement
Oppositio/repositio
Flexio/extension

Question 6

ARTICULATIONES CARPOMETACARPALES

Answer 6

1.Facies articularis
2.Capsula articularis- loose
2 chambers septum from os capitatum to III, IV metacarpal bones
3.Ligg.
Palmar and dorsal carpometacarpal ligament
Palmar and Dorsal metacarpal ligament (transverse orientation)
Interosseus metacarpal ligament
4.
Continous slightly moveable joint

Question 7

Metacarpophalageal joint

Answer 7

1.Facies articularis
Caput ossis metacarpales 
Basis phalanges proximales
2.Capsula articularis-loose
3. Ligg.
Ligg. Collateralia
Lig. Palmaria
Transverse metacarpal ligament
4. 
Flexio/extensio
Abductio/adduction

Question 8

Interphalangeal Joints

Answer 8

1.Facies articularis
Caput phalanges proximales
Basis phalanges mediales
Caput phalanges mediales
Basis phalanges distales
2.Capsula articularis-loose (w/ synovial sheath for tendons)
3.Ligg.
Ligg. collateralia
Ligg. palmaria
4. 
Flexio/extensio

Question 9

Shoulder Joint

Answer 9

Ball and socket synovial joint
1.
head of humerus, glenoid fossa of humerus, glenoid labrum (increase SA as head larger than fossa)
2. Capsule - attach to anatomical neck
Synovial membrane also form synovial sheath for biceps brachii tendon, bursa of subscapular muscle and has coomunication w/ subcorocoid busa,
Subacromial bursa outside capsule prevent wear and tear
3.Ligg.
Ligg. glenohumeralia: superius, mediale, inferius
Lig. coracohumerale - to greater tubercle
Lig. coracoacromiale - prevent superior displacement
4. Movement
Anteflexio- 90;retroflexio-20
Abductio/adductio-90-100
Rotatio-90

Question 10

Acromioclavicular joint

Answer 10

Plane synovial joint
1. 
Acromial articular surface of the clavicle w/ acromial articular surface of acromion
Disc (not always present)
lined with fibrocartilage
2. capsule
Joint cavity divided by articular disc
loose fibrous w/ synovial lining
3. 
acromioclavicular ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament (extracapsular) - conoid and trapezoid ligament
4. 
coracoclaviclar add 50o to arm abduction
Lateral/medial rotation

Question 11

Articulatio sternoclavicularis

Answer 11

Saddle synovial joint
1. Lined w/ fibrocartilage
Sternal articular surface
discus articularis
Clavicular notch  
2.Capsula articularis – loose 
3.Ligg.:
lig. sternoclaviculare anterius
lig. sternoclaviculare posterus
lig. interclaviculare
lig. costoclaviculare
4.
Elevation/depression
Protraction/retraction of shoulder