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My MSK > Upper Limb Conditions- ELBOW + FOREARM > Flashcards

Upper Limb Conditions- ELBOW + FOREARM Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of lateral epicondylitis

A

Repetitive strain injury with regular resisted extension at the wrist or degenerative enthesopathy at the common EXTENSOR origin

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2
Q

Symptoms + Diagnosis of lateral epicondylitis

A

Pain + tenderness at lateral epicondyle
MILS test positive
US for tendinopathy

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3
Q

Treatment of lateral epicondylitis

A

Self-limiting, rest, physiotherapy, NSAIDS, steroid injection, brace

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4
Q

Cause of Medial epicondylitis

A

Repetitive strain/degeneration causing inflammation of common FLEXOR origin

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5
Q

Diagnosis of medial epicondylitis

A

Test flexor muscles, resisted wrist/middle finger flexion + pain at medial epicondyle

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6
Q

Treatment of medial epicondylitis

A

Self-limiting, physio, rest, NSAIDS, steroid injections (risk of ulnar nerve damage)

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7
Q

Cause of cubital tunnel

A

Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow behind the medial epicondyle due to: Tightness at the intermuscular septum or two heads at origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris

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8
Q

What is the name of the fascia that forms the roof of the cubital tunnel

A

Osborne’s Fascia

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9
Q

Symptoms of cubital tunnel

A

Numbness of pinkie and half of ring finger

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10
Q

Diagnosis of cubital tunnel

A

Positive Tinel’s test

Positive Froment’s test

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11
Q

Treatment of cubital tunnel

A

Surgical release of tight structures

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12
Q

Causes of supracondylar fracture

A

FOOSH- Kids

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13
Q

Treatment of supracondylar fracture

A

Undisplaced: Splint
Displaced/angulated: Closed reduction + wires
Severe: Median nerve compression (can’t make OK sign)

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14
Q

Olecranon fracture causes and treatment

A

Due to blow/direct fall on point of elbow when tricep is contracted

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15
Q

Causes and symptoms of radial head/neck fracture

A

FOOSH causing lateral elbow pain on supination/pronation

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16
Q

Treatment of radial head/neck fracture

A

Undisplaced: Fat pad sign on XR treated with sling + exercises to reduce stiffness
Displaced: surgery if fragment blocks extension, aspiration of haemarthrosis for restrictive ROM, ORIF if large fragment

17
Q

What is a nightstick fracture

A

Isolate fracture of the ulna due to direct blow

18
Q

Causes, diagnosis and treatment of Monteggia fracture

A

Fracture of the ulna and dislocation of the radius at radial head, diagnosed by forearm and elbow XR treated with ORIF

19
Q

Causes, diagnosis and treatment of Galeazzi fracture

A

Fracture of the radius with dislocation of the ulna and the distal radioulnar joint, diagnosed by forearm + lateral XR, treated with ORIF

20
Q

What is a Barton’s fracture and how is it treated

A

Intra-articular distal radius fracture involving dorsal/volar rim causing subluxation of carpal bones due to displaced rim fragments, treated with ORIF

21
Q

What is a Colles Fracture

A

Extra-articular distal radius fracture with DORSAL displacement/angulation due to FOOSH with extended wrist

22
Q

Complications of Colles Fracture

A

EARLY: Ulnar styloid fracture, median nerve compression
LATE: Rupture of EPL, dinner fork deformity

23
Q

Treatment of Colles Fracture

A

Minimal displacement: Splintage
Angular past neutral: MUA + plaster cast
Dorsal communication + instability: K wires + ORIF

24
Q

What is a Smiths fracture

A

Extra-articular distal radius fracture with VOLAR displacement/angulation due to FOOSH with flexed wrist

25
Q

Treatment of Smith fracture

A

Highly unstable use ORIF with plates + screws

26
Q

Causes and symptoms of scaphoid fracture

A

FOOSH causing tenderness in the anatomical snuff box, pain on compression of the thumb metacarpal

27
Q

Complications of scaphoid fracture

A

Non-union, AVN (due to proximal pole from branch of radial artery)

28
Q

Diagnosis of scaphoid fracture

A

4 views on XR, AP, lateral + 2 obliques

29
Q

What is a clinical scaphoid fracture

A

Nothing on initial XR but high clinical suspicion: Splint wrist and repeat XR in 2 weeks

30
Q

Treatment of scaphoid fracture

A

Undisplaced: 6-12 weeks plaster cast
Displaced: Compression screw
Non-union: Screw fixation + bone grafting
AVN: partial/total wrist fusion

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