Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

My MSK > Lower Limb Conditions- KNEE > Flashcards

Lower Limb Conditions- KNEE Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors of extensor mechanism rupture

A

Previous tendonitis, chronic steroid use/abuse, diabetes, RA, chronic renal failure, quinolone antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What makes up the extensor mechanism

A

Tibial tuberosity, patellar tendon, patella, quadriceps tendon, quadriceps muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of extensor mechanism rupture

A

Rupture with rapid contractile force when lifting a heavy weight or falling onto flexed knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What age group rupture patellar tendon

A

Under 40s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What age group rupture quadriceps tendon

A

Over 40s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diagnosis or extensor mechanism rupture

A

Straight leg raise test (cannot be completed), palpable gap in the extensor mechanism, XR for high (PT rupture) or low (quads rupture) lying patella, US confirmation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment of extensor mechanism rupture

A

Surgical repair, tendon to tendon repair or reattachment of tendon to the patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causes of meniscal tear

A

Twisting on a loaded knee, more likely to tear on the medial meniscus as it is fixed, lateral more mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Symptoms of meniscal tear

A

Localised pain along joint line, effusion, pain on tibial rotation, catching, locking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of meniscal tear

A

Bucket handle, parrot beak, longitudinal, radial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment of meniscal tear

A

Blood supply to meniscus is peripheral so it won’t repair itself but pain and inflampmationwill settle, physiotherapy
ACUTE: locking or longitudinal tears in outer 1/3rd in young patients = arthroscopic repair or if mechanical pain/symptoms don’t settle in 6 months
Degenerative= steroid injections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of ACL

A

To resist anterior subluxation of the tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function of PCL

A

To resist anterior subluxation of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Causes of ACL rupture

A

Direct blow to anterior tibia or planted foot with lateral upper body turning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms of ACL rupture

A

POP + immediate swelling due to haemarthosis from ACL vascular supply/effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diagnosis of ACL rupture

A

Lachman test and anterior drawer test positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatment of ACL rupture

A

Physiotherapy + rest, in high demand athletes= reconstruction with autograft or allograft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Causes of PCL rupture

A

Injury is rare in isolation, can be caused by direct blow to posterior tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Symptoms of PCL rupture

A

Instability descending stairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Diagnosis of PCL rupture

A

Positive posterior drawer test

21
Q

Treatment of PCL rupture

A

Only with severe laxity, recurrent instability, frequent hyperextension –> surgical reconstruction with allograft

22
Q

Symptoms of MCL rupture

A

Laxity, pain on valgus stress with tenderness over the insertion of the MCL

23
Q

Treatment of MCL rupture

A

Can heal spontaneously, physiotherapy, pain will take months to settle
ACUTE: hinged knee brace
CHRONIC: MCL tightening or reconstruction with tendon graft

24
Q

Causes of LCL rupture

A

Varus and hyperextension stress

25
Q

Symptoms of LCL rupture

A

Instability of rotational movement

26
Q

Complications of LCL rupture

A

Common fibular nerve palsy

27
Q

Definition of complete knee dislocation

A

Rupture to all 4 knee ligaments

28
Q

Complication of complete knee dislocation

A

Intimal tear causing thrombosis of popliteal artery causing compartment syndrome after repercussion if prolonged ischaemia

29
Q

Risk Factors for patellar dislocation

A

Ligamentous laxity, females, shallow trochlear groove, genuflects valgum, femoral neck anteversion, high riding patella

30
Q

Causes of patellar dislocation

A

Direct blow or sudden twist of the knee (almost always lateral dislocation)

31
Q

Symptoms of patellar dislocation

A

Pain medially due to torn medial retinaculum, effusion (haemarthrosis)

32
Q

Diagnosis of patellar dislocation

A

Positive patella apprehension test

33
Q

Treatment of patellar dislocation

A

Can spontaneously reduce when knee is straightened or can require manipulation back into position–> brace + physio

34
Q

When does patellofemoral dysfunction cause pain

A

Going downhill, causing grinding, clicking, pseudo locking

35
Q

What is traction apophysitis/Osgood Schlatter’s

A

Inflammation of the tibial tubercle at the patella tendon insertion

36
Q

Who suffers from traction apophysitis/Osgood Schlatter’s

A

Adolescent active boys (often during growth spurts)

37
Q

Symptoms + treatment of traction apophysitis/Osgood Schlatter’s

A

Prominent bony lump treated by rest, physio, analgesia

38
Q

Symptoms of tibial plateau fractures

A

Swelling, haemarthrosis, loss of ROM

39
Q

Diagnosis of tibial plateau fractures

A

XR

40
Q

Fracture caused by bending force

A

Transverse

41
Q

Fracture caused by rotational force

A

Spiral

42
Q

Fracture cased by compressive force

A

Oblique

43
Q

Complication of tibial shaft fracture

A

Compartment syndrome

44
Q

Non operative treatment of tibial shaft fracture

A

If up to 50% displacement and 5 degrees angulation then above knee cast

45
Q

Operative treatment of tibial shaft fracture

A

Internal fixation

46
Q

Operative treatment of comminuted tibial shaft fracture

A

Surgical stabilisation with IMN

47
Q

Describe a pilon fracture

A

Intraarticular fracture of the distal tibia caused by from from a height or rapid deceleration, the talus is driven into the distal tibia causing disruption/impaction of the articular surface

48
Q

Diagnosis of pilon fracture

A

CT scan

49
Q

Treatment of pilon fractures

A

Surgical emergency

My MSK (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions