MSK Tumours

Question 1

What is an osteochondroma

Answer 1

Bony outgrowth with cartilaginous cap

Question 2

Who gets osteochondromas

Answer 2

Adolescents

Question 3

Symptoms of osteochondroma

Answer 3

Painless hard lump, can cause impingement

Question 4

Treatment of osteochondroma

Answer 4

Excisions biopsy if growing/causing pain

Question 5

What is an enchondroma

Answer 5

Intramedullary metaphyseal cartilaginous tumour

Question 6

What causes enchondroma

Answer 6

Failure in normal enchondral ossification

Question 7

Symptoms of enchhondroma

Answer 7

Asymptomatic usually incidental finding

Question 8

Treatment of enchondroma

Answer 8

Curretage + bone graft

Question 9

What is a simple bone cyst

Answer 9

Single cavity benign fluid filled cyst in a bone

Question 10

What causes a simple bone cyst

Answer 10

Growth defect in physio

Question 11

Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of simple bone cyst

Answer 11

Asymptomatic, incidental finding, curettage + bone graft

Question 12

What is an aneurysmal bone cyst

Answer 12

Lots of chambers filled with blood and serum

Question 13

When do people get aneurysmal bone cysts

Answer 13

first 2 decades

Question 14

What causes aneurysmal bone cysts

Answer 14

AVM in metaphysic

Question 15

XR finding for aneurysmal bone cysts

Answer 15

Expansile Lucent lesion with smooth margin

Question 16

Treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts

Answer 16

Curettage + bone graft

Question 17

What is an osteoclastoma

Answer 17

Giant cell tumour in metaphysic

Question 18

Where are osteoclastomas commonly found

Answer 18

Around the knee

Question 19

Symptoms of osteoclastomas

Answer 19

Painful, can cause pathological fracture

Question 20

XR finding osteoclastoma

Answer 20

Soap bubble

Question 21

Where so osteoclastoma metastasise to

Answer 21

Lung

Question 22

Treatment of osteoclastoma

Answer 22

Curettage, excision, bone cement to destroy remaining tumour

Question 23

What is fibrous dysplasia

Answer 23

Fibrous tissue develops in place of normal bone

Question 24

Who gets fibrous dysplasia

Answer 24

Adolescents

Question 25

Treatment of fibrous dysplasia

Answer 25

Bisphosphonates

Question 26

What is an osteoid osteoma

Answer 26

Small nidus of immature bone around sclerotic bone

Question 27

Who gets osteoid osteoma

Answer 27

Young men

Question 28

Symptoms of osteoid osteoma

Answer 28

Most common in the appendicular skeleton, proximal femur, diaphysis of long bones + vertebrae Intense pain worse at night

Question 29

Treatment of osteoid osteoma

Answer 29

Aspirin, NSAIDS, can require CT guided ablation

Question 30

What is brown tumours

Answer 30

Bone lesion in hyperparathyroidism due to excess osteoclast activity

Question 31

What is osteosarcoma

Answer 31

Malignant tumour of cells producing osteoid/mineralised bone

Question 32

Who gets osteosarcoma

Answer 32

10-25 males

Question 33

Symptoms of osteosarcoma

Answer 33

Painful mass, sudden fracture treated with surgery and chemo

Question 34

What is a chondrosarcoma

Answer 34

Malignant tumour producing cartilage

Question 35

Who gets chondrosarcoma

Answer 35

Adults over 40

Question 36

What is fibrosarcoma

Answer 36

Fibrous malignant primary bone tumours

Question 37

Who gets fibrosarcoma

Answer 37

Young adults

Question 38

What is Ewings sarcoma

Answer 38

Malignant tumour of endothelial cells BAD

Question 39

Who gets Ewings sarcoma

Answer 39

10-20

Question 40

Symptoms of Ewings Sarcoma

Answer 40

Mimics infection, night pain, mets to lungs and other bones

Question 41

Diagnosis of Ewings sarcoma

Answer 41

Moth eaten pattern of destruction + onion skin appearance of bone formation

Question 42

Treatment of Ewings sarcoma

Answer 42

Chemo, surgery (amputation), radiotherapy

Question 43

What is PVNS

Answer 43

Giant tell tumour of tendon sheath within a joint, causes joint destruction and OA treated with excision

Question 44

What is leiomyoma

Answer 44

Tumour of smooth muscle

Question 45

What is rhabdomyoma

Answer 45

Benign tumour of striated muscle, usually cardiac

Question 46

What is pleomorphic sarcoma

Answer 46

Malignant tumour of soft tissues that don't resemble the tissue they originated from DIAGNOSIS OF EXCLUSION, common in thigh

Question 47

What is nodular fasciitis

Answer 47

Benign cellular proliferation of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic cells

Question 48

Who gets nodular fasciitis and how does it present

Answer 48

Young adults with rapidly growing tender nodule in upper limb

Question 49

What is myositis Ossificans

Answer 49

Bone that forms within muscle

Question 50

Who gets myositis ossificans

Answer 50

Young athletes with history of trauma

Question 51

How does myositis ossificans present

Answer 51

Rapid growing soft swelling that hardens, fever + increased WCC

Question 52

What is Desmond tumour

Answer 52

Benign tumour of fibroblasts