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Musculoskeletal Radiology > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Inferior angle of scapula lies over what rib or interspace?

A

7th rib or interspace

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2
Q

Scapula: Infraspinous process and supraspinous fossa are separated by

A

Scapular spine

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3
Q

Scapular spine projects laterally over the shoulder joint as the

A

Acromion

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4
Q

Scapular spine projects anteriorly as ___________ from the upper border of the neck of the scapula

A

Coracoid process

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5
Q

Subclavian vessels and trunk of brachial plexus pass behind what part of the clavicle

A

Medial third

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6
Q

The hemispherical head of the humerus is separated from the greater and lesser tubercles by

A

Anatomical neck

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7
Q

The shaft below the greater and lesser tubercles of the humeral head is called

A

Surgical neck of humerus

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8
Q

Between the greater and lesser tubercles of humerus is the _________ for the attachment of long head of the biceps

A

Biccipital groove

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9
Q

Deltoid tuberosity is present on the _______ aspect of humeral midshaft as the site of insertion of deltoid muscle

A

Lateral aspect of midshaft

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10
Q

Articular surface of elbow joint for radial head

A

Capitellum

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11
Q

Articular surface of elbow joint for olecranon fossa of ulna

A

Trochlea

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12
Q

Above the trochlea is the ________ fossa anteriorly and _________ fossa posteriorly

A

Coronoid fossa anteriorly

Deeper olecranon fossa posteriorly

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13
Q

Vertical line down the front of the humeral shaft on lateral radiograph is called ______ - bisects the capitellum

A

Anterio humeral line

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14
Q

Hook shaped projection of bone that occasionally occurs about 5cm above the medial epicondyle and may be continuous with a fibrous band, the ligament of Struthers, attached above the epicondyle to form a foramen that transmits the median nerve and brachial artery

A

Supracondylar process

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15
Q

Flexors of the forearm arise from the

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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16
Q

Ossification of capitellum is at what year

A

1 -2 years

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17
Q

Ossification of radial head is at what year

A

3-6 years

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18
Q

Ossification of internal epicondyle is at what year

A

4 years

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19
Q

Ossification of trochlea is at what year

A

8 years

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20
Q

Ossification of olecranon is at what year

A

9 years

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21
Q

CRITOE fuses at

A

17-18 years

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22
Q

Ossification of external epicondyle is at what year

A

10 years

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23
Q

Most distal part of radius

A

Radial styloid

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24
Q

Radius is connected by ________ to ulna

A

Interosseous membrane

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25
Q

Triceps muscle is inserted to the

A

Tip of the olecranon

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26
Q

Square flat muscle that arises on the distal ulna and passes to the distal radius

A

Pronator quadratus

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27
Q

Wrist bone anterior to the surface of triquetral bones

A

Pisiform

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28
Q

The ________ is attached laterally to the scaphoid and the ridge of the trapezium, and medially to the pisiform and hook of hamate
It converts the arch of bones into the carpal tunnel, which conveys the flexors tendons of the fingers and thumb and the median nerve

A

Flexor retinaculum

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29
Q

Found on the dorsum of the wrist, attaches to the pisiform and triquetrum medially and the radius laterally

A

Extensor retinaculum

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30
Q

Carpal tunnel views are obtained by

A

Extending the wrist and taking an inferosuperior view that is centered over the anterior part of the wrist

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31
Q

First carpal bone to ossify

A

Capitate

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32
Q

Last carpal bone to ossify

A

Pisiform

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33
Q

Direction of ossification of wrist bones

A

Clockwise from capitate

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34
Q

Most mobile and least likely to fracture metacarpal bone

A

1st metacarpal bone

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35
Q

Metacarpal bone that has a styloid process extending from its base on the dorsal aspect

A

3rd metacarpal

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36
Q

What side of the hand is used for bone age

A

Left

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37
Q

Supernumerary bone found between scaphoid, trapezoid and capitate which may represent the tubercle of the scaphoid that has not fused with its upper pole

A

Os centrale

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38
Q

Supernumerary bone found on the lateral side of the scaphoid distal to the radial styloid

A

Os radiale externum

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39
Q

Tendons of the extensors of fingers are inserted into the

A

Base of the dorsum of the phalanges

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40
Q

Sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints are what type of joint

A

Synovial

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41
Q

Glenohumeral joint is what type

A

Ball and socket synovial

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42
Q

Contents of quadrilateral space

A

Circumflex humeral nerve and vessels

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43
Q

Long head of biceps is extra or intrasynovial and intra or extracapsular?!

A

Extrasynovial but intracapsular

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44
Q

Number of glenohumeral ligaments

A

3- anterior thickenings of capsule from upper part of glenoid to lesser tuberosity and inferior part of the head of humerus, and in the posterior capsule

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45
Q

Weak ligament of glenohumeral joint that is not supported by overlying muscles

A

Anterior and inferior parts

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46
Q

Ligament between greater and lesser humeral tuberosities

A

Transverse humeral ligament

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47
Q

Short muscles known as the rotator cuff muscles consist of

A

Subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor and supraspinatus

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48
Q

Longer muscles of shoulder include

A 
Long head of biceps
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major 
Deltoid muscles
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49
Q

What muscle passes on the superior aspect of the shoulder joint to the greater tuberosity of humerus where calcification occur owing to degenerative change

A

Supraspinatus muscle

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50
Q

What is the largest bursa in the body that separates supraspinatus muscle from acromion

A

Subacromial- subdeltoid bursa

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51
Q

The coracoacromial arch is composed of

A

Tip of the coracoid
Coracoacromial ligament
Acromion
Acromioclavicular articulation

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52
Q

Most common type of acromial shape

A

Type 1 curved

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53
Q

Least common acromial arch that produces symptomatic impingement of the supraspinatus tendon

A

Type 3 flat with marginal hook

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54
Q

Types of coracoacromial arch

A

Type 1 curved
Type 2 flat
Type 3 flat with a marginal hook

55
Q

3 forms of bicipitolabral complex

A

Type 1- long head of biceps inserts to the osseous glenoid immediately above the labrum
Type 2- biceps tendon inserts to the superior surface of the labrum
Type 3- long head of biceps inserts into labrum to produce a meniscoid type insertion

56
Q

What type of bicipitolabral complex insertion predisposes to superior labral tears

A

Type 3

57
Q

Identified as a triangular structure in both the coronal and axial planes and is continuous with a fold of the joint capsule, the inferior glenohumeral ligament

A

Anteroinferior labrum

58
Q

Injury at the anteroinferior labrum following anterior dislocation, with blunt trauma and traction stresses imposed by the inferior glenohumeral ligament may result in disruption of the labrum called

A

Perthe’s lesion

59
Q

Disruption of anteroinferior labrum and associated bone

A

Bankaart lesion

60
Q

Medialization of anteroinferior labrum beneath a rind of periosteum

A

ALPSA lesion (anterior labral periosteal sleeve avulsion)

61
Q

Avulsion of the inferior glenohumeral ligament from humerus

A

HAGL injury (humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament

62
Q

Superior stability of glenohumeral joint

A

Superior labrum, long head of biceps, joint capsule, supraspinatus tendon, subacromial bursa and structures of the coracoacromial arch

63
Q

Posterior stability of glenohumeral joint

A

Angulation of osseous glenoid, posterior labrum, capsule, posterior tendons of rotator cuff, infraspinatus and teres minor

64
Q

Anterior stability of glenohumeral joint

A

Labrum, capsule and its associated folds or glenohumeral ligaments, subscapularis muscle

65
Q

Synovial hinge joint which incorporates the humeroulnar, humeroradial, and superior radioulnar joints as one cavity

A

Elbow joint

66
Q

Medial thickenings of the elbow joint capsule

A

Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments

67
Q

Ligament that surrounds the head of the radius and rotates within it. It is attached

A

Annular ligament

68
Q

Elbow ossification centers occurs 1-2 years earlier in girls or boys?

A

Girls

69
Q

What elbow fat pad is abnormally seen

A

Posterior fat pad

70
Q

Responsible for medial elbow joint stability and resistance to valgus strain.

A

Ulnar collateral ligament

71
Q

3 discrete tendon bundles of ulnar collateral ligament

A

Anterior, posterior, transverse

72
Q

What bundle in the ulnar collateral ligament is the most important contributor to stability and is therefore most frequently injured

A

Anterior

73
Q

Four components of lateral collateral ligament

A

Radial collateral ligament
Lateral ulnar collateral ligament
Annular
Accessory annular

74
Q

Radial collateral ligament is responsible for

A

Lateral joint stability

75
Q

Lateral ulnar collateral ligament is responsible for

A

Posterolateral stability

76
Q

Annular and accessory annular ligaments are responsible for

A

Stability of proximal radioulnar joint

77
Q

Short head of the biceps muscle arises from

A

Apex of coracoid

78
Q

Long head of biceps arises from

A

supraglenoid tubercle

79
Q

Triceps muscle lies in what compartment of the arm

A

Posterior

80
Q

3 heads of triceps

A

Long head, lateral head, medial head

81
Q

Long head of triceps arises from

A

Infraglenoid

82
Q

Lateral head of triceps arises from

A

Lateral and posterior aspect of humerus

83
Q

Medial head of triceps arises distally from

A

Medial and posterior aspects of the humerus

84
Q

Commonest cause of elbow pain in adult population

A

Lateral epicondylitis or tennis elbow

85
Q

Medial epicondylitis also known as

A

Golfer’s elbow

86
Q

Nerve within the anteromedial soft tissues of the elbow

A

Median nerve

87
Q

Nerve found anterior to the lateral epicondyle

A

Radial nerve

88
Q

Nerve found within the cubital tunnel immediately posterior to the medial epicondyle

A

Ulnar nerve

89
Q

Inferior radioulnar joint is what type of joint

A

Synovial pivot joint

90
Q

Radiocarpal joint is what type of joint

A

Synovial

91
Q

Articulates with the head of ulna, ulnar notch and upper surface of the articular disc ( triangular cartilage)

A

Inferior radioulnar joint

92
Q

Articulates with the distal radius, distal surface of triangular cartilage and proximal surfaces of the scaphoid, lunate and triquetral bones

A

Radiocarpal joint

93
Q

Repetitive wrist flexion and extension, particularly repetitive extension of the thumb

A

First extensor compartment syndrome (de Quervain’s tenosynovitis)

94
Q

Second most commonly fractures bone or the wrist

A

Scaphoid

95
Q

Proximla 70-80% of th scaphoid is supplied by

A

Dorsal branch of the radial artery

96
Q

Fibro-osseous canal superficial to the flexor retinaculum, intimately related to both the pisiform and hook of hamate

A

Guyon’s canal

97
Q

Guyon’s canal contain the

A

Ulnar nerve, artery and vein

98
Q

Flexion deformity of DIP joint resulting from loss of extensor tendon continuity to the distal phalanx

A

Mallet finger

99
Q

Caused by disruption or the central slip of extensor tendon combined with tearing of the triangular ligament on the dorsum of the misdle phalanx, allowing the lateral bands of the extensor tendon to slip below the axis of Aapup articulation

A

Extensor tendon injury: Boutonniere deformity

100
Q

Avulsion of flexor digitorum profundus tendon from its insertion into the base of the distal phalanx

A

Jersey finger- flexor digitorum profundus tendon injury

101
Q

What muscle covers the upper lateral aspect of the humerus

A

Deltoid muscle

102
Q

Muscles that lie anterior to the humerus in its upper third

A

Flexors of the shoulder- coracobrachialis and biceps muscles

103
Q

Muscles that lie anterior to the lower part of the humerus

A

Flexors of the elbow- brachialis and biceps muscles

104
Q

Muscles that lies posterior to the humerus

A

Extensors of the elbow- triceps muscle

105
Q

The neurovascular bundle of brachial artery, basilic vein and median nerve lies superficially, medial to the

A

Humerus

106
Q

Upper limb receives its blood supply from

A

Subclavian artery

107
Q

Subclavian artery has four branches namely

A

Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Internal thoracic artery
Costocervical trunk

108
Q

Subcalvian artery becomes the axillary artery at the

A

Outer border of first rib

109
Q

Supplies the inferior thyroid, suprascapular and transverse cervical arteries

A

Thyroocervical trunk

110
Q

Six arteries to the chest wall and shoulder

A 
Superior thoracic artery
Acromiothoracic trunk
Lateral thoracic artery
Subscapular artery
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
111
Q

Brachial artery begins at the

A

Lower border of teres major

112
Q

Branches of brachial artery

A

Profunda brachii srtery
Nutrient artery to the humerus
Muscular branches
Branches to the elbow joint

113
Q

Larger and deeper than radial artery

A

Ulnar artery

114
Q

Superficial veins of the upper limb

A

Cephalic, basilic, median veins

115
Q

Veins in the dorsum of hand

A

Cephalic and basilic

116
Q

Veins in the palmar side of hand

A

Median nerve

117
Q

Cephalic vein is at what side

A

Radial side

118
Q

Basilic vein is at what side

A

Medial side

119
Q

Vein where cephalic and basilic veins meet

A

Median cubital vein

120
Q

The neurovascular bundle of brachial artery, basilic vein and median nerve lies superficially, medial to the

A

Humerus

121
Q

Upper limb receives its blood supply from

A

Subclavian artery

122
Q

Subclavian artery has four branches namely

A

Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Internal thoracic artery
Costocervical trunk

123
Q

Subcalvian artery becomes the axillary artery at the

A

Outer border of first rib

124
Q

Supplies the inferior thyroid, suprascapular and transverse cervical arteries

A

Thyroocervical trunk

125
Q

Six arteries to the chest wall and shoulder

A 
Superior thoracic artery
Acromiothoracic trunk
Lateral thoracic artery
Subscapular artery
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
126
Q

Brachial artery begins at the

A

Lower border of teres major

127
Q

Branches of brachial artery

A

Profunda brachii srtery
Nutrient artery to the humerus
Muscular branches
Branches to the elbow joint

128
Q

Larger and deeper than radial artery

A

Ulnar artery

129
Q

Superficial veins of the upper limb

A

Cephalic, basilic, median veins

130
Q

Veins in the dorsum of hand

A

Cephalic and basilic

131
Q

Veins in the palmar side of hand

A

Median nerve

132
Q

Cephalic vein is at what side

A

Radial side

133
Q

Basilic vein is at what side

A

Medial side

134
Q

Vein where cephalic and basilic veins meet

A

Median cubital vein

Musculoskeletal Radiology (12 decks)

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