Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculoskeletal Radiology > Metabolic Bone Disease > Flashcards

Metabolic Bone Disease Flashcards

1
Q

defined as diminished bone quantity in which the bone is otherwise normal

A

osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

bone quantity is normal but the quality of the bone is abnormal in that it is not normally mineralized

A

osteomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

results in excess nonmineralized osteoid

A

osteomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

most common cause of osteoporosis

A

aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Main radiographic finding in osteoporosis is

A

Thinning of cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Osteoporosis is most reliably demonstrated in what bone

A

Second metacarpal at the middiaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Normal metacarpal cortical thickening should be approximately

A

1/4 to 1/3 the thickness of the metacarpal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Measurement of bone mineral content for the purposes of predicting fracture risk and monitoring response to therapy is usually done by means of _______ which compares a patient’s bone mineral density of the spine and hip wirh that of a healthy 30 year old adult

A

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or false: calcium additives have not been shown to reverse the process of primary osteoporosis

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Can alleviate postmenopausal osteoporosis

A

Estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Drugs that inhibit osteoclastic acitvity and thus slow bone loss and are commobky prescribed to treat osteoporosis and to prevent bony complications related to osseous metastatic disease as they reduce fracture risk

A

Biphosphonate drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A type of osteoporosis that can be seen in a patient of any age is

A

Disuse osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Radiographic appearance of disuse osteoporosis that is due to osteoclastic resorption in the cortex causing intracortical holes

A

Patchy appearance of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Form of osteoporosis that can mimic a permeative lesion because of multiple cortical holes that project over the medullary space, thus resembling a medullary permeative process

A

Aggressive osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Other causes of pseudopermeative process aside from disuse osteoporosis

A

Hemangioma and radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hemangioma can cause cortical holes in 2 ways, namely

A

From focal hyperemia causing focal osteoporosis or by the blood vessels themselves tunneling through the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Radiation can cayse cortical holes in bone and mimic a permeative process because of

A

Death of cortical osteocytes, which can enlarge lacunae in the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Differential diagnosis of permeative lesion in young people (<30 yo)

A

Ewing sarcoma, infection, eosinophilic granuloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Differential diagnosis of permeative lesion in older patients

A

Multiple myeloma, metastatic carcinomatosis, primary lymphoma of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Most common cause of osteomalacia

A

Renal osteodystrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Only finding that is pathognomonic for osteomalacia is a

A

Looser fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fracture through large osteoid seams

A

Looser fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Looser fracture tend to occur in what body parts

A

Femur, pelvis, scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Osteomalacia in children is called

A

Rickets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Causes epiphyseal playes to become flared and irregular and the long bones to undergo bending from bone softening

A

Rickets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Occurs from excess parathyroid hormone

A

Hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hormone that causes osteoclastic resorption in bone, which leads to osteoporosis and osteomalacia

A

Parathyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Primary HPT are caused by

A

Parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Most common cause of HPT is from

A

Renal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Radiographic sign that is Pathognomonic for HPT is

A

Subperiosteal bone resorption

31
Q

Subperiosteal bone resorption in HPT is seen most commonly on the

A

Radial aspect of middle phalanges of the hand, medial aspect of proximal tibia and subchondral bone resorption at sacroiliac joints

32
Q

Rugger jersey spine is seen in

A

Hyperparathyroidism

33
Q

Cystic lesions that are often expansile and aggressive in apearance

A

Brown tumors

34
Q

Few skeletal changes seen in hypoparathyroidism

A

Calvarial thickening and calcification in the basal ganglia

35
Q

Caused by congenital failure of tissues to respond to PTH. Parathyroid glands are normal in these cases

A

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

36
Q

Characteristic appearance of patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism

A

Obesity, round facies, short stature and brachydactyly

37
Q

Hypothyroidism is a ______ problem, pseudohypoparathyroidism is a ______ problem, and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism is a ____

A

Hypothyroidism- parathyroid gland problem
Pseudohypoparathyroidism- end organ problem
Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism is a mimicker of pseudohypoparathyroidism morphologically

38
Q

A secreting adenoma or hyperplasia of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland will result in

A

Accelerated bone growth

39
Q

Skull findings in acromegaly

A

Calvarial thickening, enlarged sinuses, enlarged sella turcica

40
Q

Appearance of jaw in acromegaly

A

Prognathic

41
Q

Terminal tufts of distal phalanges in acromegaly appears as

A

Spade appearance/shovel

42
Q

Has been used as a sign of acromegaly

A

Thickening of heel pad adjacent to calcaneus

43
Q

Rare manifestation of hyperthyroidism that occurs only after prior thyroidectomy

A

Thyroid acropachy

44
Q

Useful differential point that can be used to tell thyroid acropachy from other causes of diffuse periostitis

A

Periostitis involving the ulnar aspect of fifth metacarpal

45
Q

Decreased thyroid secretion

A

Cretinism

46
Q

Epiphyses appears stippled in this metabolic disease

A

Thyroid gland hypofunction or cretinism

47
Q

Diffuse increase in bone density

A

Osteosclerosis

48
Q

By far most common disease in which osteosclerosis is seen

A

Renal osteodystrophy

49
Q

The sine qua non of renal osteodystrophy is

A

Subperiosteal bone resorption

50
Q

Subperiosteal bone resorption in renal osteodystrophy is reliably seen at the

A

Radial aspect of middle phalanges of hands

51
Q

Fish vertebrae is seen in

A

Sicke cell disease

52
Q

Bone infarcts and step-off deformities of vertebral body endplates, avascular necrosis of the hip are seen in

A

Sickle cell disease

53
Q

Also called angogenic myeloid dysplasia, it is caused by progressive fibrosis of the marrow in patients older than 50 years of age

A

Myelofibrosis

54
Q

Myelofibrosis leads to

A

Anemia with marked splenomegalynand extramedullary hematopoiesis

55
Q

Hereditary abnormality that results in extremely dense bones throughout the skeleton

A

Osteopetrosis

56
Q

2 forms of osteopetrosis

A

Congenita and tarda

57
Q

Form of osteopetrosis that can be lethat

A

Congenita

58
Q

Form of osteopetrosis that is milder

A

Tarda

59
Q

Characteristic finding is bone-in-bone appearance often seen in the vertebral bodies in which vertebrae have a small replics of the vertebral body inside the normal one

A

Osteopetrosis

60
Q

Sandwich vertebrae is seen in

A

Osteopetrosis

61
Q

Sandwich vertebrae in osteopetrosis can be differentiated from rugger jersey spine in rickets by noting that

A

The bands of sclerosis in sandwich vertebrae are denser

62
Q

Other congenital abnormality with dense bomes that shoild be considered in the differential diagnosis of osteosclerosis. These patients are typically short and have hypoplastic mandibles

A

Pyknodysostosis

63
Q

Distinguishing radiographic finding of pyknodysostosis

A

Acroosteolysis with sclerosis

64
Q

In this condition, the distal phalanges often have the appearance of chalk that has bern put into a pencil sharpener

A

Pyknodysostosis

65
Q

Pyknodysostosis is aka

A

Toulouse-Lautrev syndrome

66
Q

Can cause uniformly increased bone density, thickened small bowel folds with nodules and urticaria pigmentosa

A

Mastocytosis

67
Q

Paget’s disease classically causes

A

Bony enlargement

68
Q

Paget’s disease commonly occur in

A

Pelvis, with thickened iliopectineal line on pelvic brim

69
Q

Distinct radiographic phases of Paget’s disease

A

Lytic, sclerotic and mixed lytic and sclerotic phase

70
Q

Lytic phase of Paget disease usually present as

A

Sharp leading edge called flame-shaped or blade-of-grass leading edge

71
Q

In a long bone, with sole exception of the tibia, Paget disease always starts at the

A

End of bone

72
Q

Radiographic finding that patients with fluorosis often have is

A

Ligamentous calcification

73
Q

Calcification of sacrotuberous ligament is said to be characteristic of

A

Fluorosis

Musculoskeletal Radiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions