upper limb Flashcards
Muscles of anterior pectoral compartment
pec major, minor
subclavius
serratus anterior
pec minor attach
Ribs 2-5
Coracoid process
What are the attachments of pectoralis major?
medial half of clavicle, costal cartilages (all), lateral lip of the bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus)
subclavius attach
1st costochondral joint Clavicle
Serratus A attachment
Medial border of the costal surface of the scapula Anteriorly attaches to the ribs (1-9)
muscles of posterior compartment
trapezius Latissimus dorsi Levator scapulae Rhomboids (minor and major)
Lats attach
Thoracolumbar fascia and posterior 1/3 of the iliac crest
to Floor of the intertubercular sulcus
rhomboids attach
Both attach distally to the medial border of the scapula Rhomboid minor attaches proximally to the spinous processes of C7 and T1 Rhomboid major attaches proximally to the spinous processes of T2-T5
levator scapulae attachment
Attaches proximally to the transverse processes of C1-C4
Attaches distally to the superior angle of the scapula
levator scap function
elevate and rotate scapula
Deltoid attachments
Proximal – lateral 1/3 of the clavicle (deltoid tubercle of clavicle), acromion process and crest of the spine of the scapula (deltoid tubercle of spine of scapula)
Distal – deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
supraspinatus attachment
infraspinatus attachment
supraspinatus fossa to greater tubercle of humerus
Infraspinatus fossa to greater tubercle of hum
Which intrinsic shoulder muscles are involved in abducting arm
Supraspinatus is important in the first 15 degree of abduction of the arm, then the deltoid takes over.
teres major
Inferior angle of the scapula to the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus
Medial lip is different to lesser tuberosity of the humerus. Medial Lip refers to the medial ‘edge’ of the groove from top to bottom of the sulcus. Lesser tuberosity is only a small circular bit at the top of the humerus (search up a pic)
Which muscles make up the anterior compartment of the arm and which nerve innervates them?
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
coracobrachialis attachment
coracoid process to anteromedial surface of the shaft of humerus
brachialis attachment
Proximal: shaft of the humerus
Distal: coronoid process of ulna
triceps attachment
Long head – infraglenoid tubercle
Medial and lateral head – proximal part of the shaft of the humerus
Distal attachment: olecranon process of the ulna
anconeous attachment
Proximal: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Distal: shaft of the ulna
Which three ligaments surround the glenohumeral joint?
Glenohumeral ligament
Coracohumeral ligament
Transverse humeral ligament
What is the ligament of the acromioclavicular joint?
acromioclavicular ligament (superior and inferior)
type of joint glenohumeral
ball in socket synovial
what is the glenoid cavity deepened by
glenuhumeral labrum (lip) fibrocartilaginous ring
What structure is found between the superior surface of the humerus and the inferior surface of the acromion?
subacromial bursa
scapulothoracic joint (virtual joint) movements
Elevation/depression
Protraction/retraction
Rotation
shape of axilla and contents
pyramid Nerves – the brachial plexus Arteries – axillary artery and its branches Veins – axillary vein and its branches Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes
axilla borders
Anterior wall – pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, subclavius
Lateral wall – humerus (intertubercular sulcus)
Medial wall – upper thoracic wall and serratus anterior
Posterior wall – costal surface of scapula, subscapularis muscle, teres major and distal part of latissimus dorsi
what does the median cub vein join
basilic and cephalic veins (part of superficial drainage system)
What are the veins on the dorsal side of the hand called?
What are the two venous arches that drains the palms?
Dorsal venous network , this drains to cephalic and basilic veins (the superficial venous system)
Arches that drain the palm:
Superficial palmar venous arch- drains to ulnar vein
Deep palmar venous arch - drains radial vein
these are both venae comitantes that accompany the superficial and deep palmar arches (the artery equivalent)
lymph nodes of shoulder and arm
Cubital lymph nodes
Delto-pectoral lymph nodes
Axillary lymph nodes
what tendon is the pisiform bone (sesamoid) enclosed in
tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
Deep ant. compartment of forearm
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
which muscles originate from common flexor tendon/origin
Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor carpi radialis Pronator teres Flexor digitorum superficialis
(ie the superficial layer)
what is a retinaculum
A retinaculum (plural retinacula) is a band around tendons that holds them in place. It is not part of any muscle. Its function is mostly to stabilize a tendon. The term retinaculum is New Latin, derived from the Latin verb retinere (to RETAIN ie retain tendons).
so flexor retinaculum = retain the flexors
Which muscle tendon is continuous with palmar aponeurosis
Palmaris longus tendon
NOTE: palmaris longus tendon isn’t present in everyone and before it spreads to form the palmar aponeurosis, it is attached to the flexor retinaculum
What can be palpated in the anatomical snuffbox?
What vessel is in this area
What tendons mark the snuffbox boundaries
Scaphoid (this is often fractured when trying to break a fall)
Branch of the radial artery
boundaries = medial border (wrt midline of hand): extensor pollicis longus lateral border: extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
main ligaments at the elbow
Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament (3 parts)
Anular ligament
3 p[arts of ulnar collateral ligament
Anterior band
Posterior band
Oblique band
Carrying angle of genders
10-15 Males
>15 females
